938.18 Annotation
Department has exclusive authority to detain and release child who has violated conditions of probation imposed by court of criminal jurisdiction. Child can be held in adult section of county jail.
72 Atty. Gen. 104.
938.18 Annotation
Person who commits crime while under 18, but is charged after attaining age of 18, is not constitutionally entitled to juvenile jurisdiction where delay in filing charges was not result of deliberate effort to avoid juvenile jurisdiction or of prosecutorial negligence. Bendler v. Percy, 481 F Supp. 813 (1979).
938.18 Annotation
Juvenile waiver statute; delegation of legislative power to judiciary. Zekas, 1973 WLR 259.
938.18 Annotation
Wisconsin's new juvenile waiver statute: when should we wave goodbye to juvenile court protections? 1979 WLR 190.
938.18 Note
NOTE: The above annotated cases cited to s. 48.18, the predecessor statute to s. 938.18.
938.183
938.183
Original adult court jurisdiction for criminal proceedings. 938.183(1)(1) Notwithstanding
ss. 938.12 (1) and
938.18, courts of criminal jurisdiction have exclusive original jurisdiction over all of the following:
938.183(1)(a)
(a) A juvenile who has been adjudicated delinquent and who is alleged to have violated
s. 940.20 (1) or
946.43 while placed in a secured correctional facility, a secure detention facility or a secured child caring institution or who has been adjudicated delinquent and who is alleged to have committed a violation of
s. 940.20 (2m).
938.183(1)(am)
(am) A juvenile who is alleged to have attempted or committed a violation of
s. 940.01 or to have committed a violation of
s. 940.02 or
940.05 on or after the juvenile's 10th birthday, but before the juvenile's 15th birthday.
938.183(1)(ar)
(ar) A juvenile specified in
par. (a) or
(am) who is alleged to have attempted or committed a violation of any state criminal law in addition to the violation alleged under
par. (a) or
(am) if the violation alleged under this paragraph and the violation alleged under
par. (a) or
(am) may be joined under
s. 971.12 (1).
938.183(1)(b)
(b) A juvenile who is alleged to have violated any state criminal law if the juvenile has been convicted of a previous violation following waiver of jurisdiction under s.
48.18, 1993 stats., or
s. 938.18 by the court assigned to exercise jurisdiction under this chapter and
ch. 48 or if the court assigned to exercise jurisdiction under this chapter and
ch. 48 has waived its jurisdiction over the juvenile for a previous violation and criminal proceedings on that previous violation are still pending.
938.183(1)(c)
(c) A juvenile who is alleged to have violated any state criminal law if the juvenile has been convicted of a previous violation over which the court of criminal jurisdiction had original jurisdiction under this section or if proceedings on a previous violation over which the court of criminal jurisdiction has original jurisdiction under this section are still pending.
938.183(1m)
(1m) Notwithstanding
subchs. IV to
VI, a juvenile described in
sub. (1) is subject to the procedures specified in
chs. 967 to
979 and the criminal penalties provided for the crime that the juvenile is alleged to have committed except as follows:
938.183(1m)(a)
(a) If the juvenile is under 15 years of age, the juvenile may be held in secure custody only in a secure detention facility or in the juvenile portion of a county jail.
938.183(1m)(b)
(b) If a court of criminal jurisdiction transfers jurisdiction under
s. 970.032 or
971.31 (13) to a court assigned to exercise jurisdiction under this chapter and
ch. 48, the juvenile is subject to the procedures and dispositions specified in
subch. IV to
VI.
938.183(1m)(c)
(c) If the juvenile is found to have committed a lesser offense than the offense alleged under
sub. (1) (a),
(am),
(ar),
(b) or
(c) or is found to have committed the offense alleged under
sub. (1) (ar), but not the offense under
sub. (1) (a) or
(am) to which the offense alleged under
sub. (1) (ar) is joined, and if any of the following conditions applies, the court of criminal jurisdiction shall, in lieu of convicting the juvenile, adjudge the juvenile to be delinquent and impose a disposition specified in
s. 938.34:
938.183(1m)(c)1.
1. The court of criminal jurisdiction finds that the juvenile has committed a lesser offense or a joined offense that is not a violation of
s. 940.20 (1) or
(2m) or
946.43 under the circumstances described in
sub. (1) (a), that is not an attempt to violate
s. 940.01 under the circumstances described in
sub. (1) (am), that is not a violation of
s. 940.02 or
940.05 under the circumstances described in
sub. (1) (am) and that is not an offense for which the court assigned to exercise jurisdiction under this chapter and
ch. 48 may waive its jurisdiction over the juvenile under
s. 938.18.
938.183(1m)(c)2.
2. The court of criminal jurisdiction finds that the juvenile has committed a lesser offense or a joined offense that is a violation of
s. 940.20 (1) or
(2m) or
946.43 under the circumstances described in
sub. (1) (a), that is an attempt to violate
s. 940.01 under the circumstances described in
sub. (1) (am), that is a violation of
s. 940.02 or
940.05 under the circumstances described in
sub. (1) (am) or that is an offense for which the court assigned to exercise jurisdiction under this chapter and
ch. 48 may waive its jurisdiction over the juvenile under
s. 938.18 and the court of criminal jurisdiction, after considering the criteria specified in
s. 938.18 (5), determines that the juvenile has proved by clear and convincing evidence that it would be in the best interests of the juvenile and of the public to adjudge the juvenile to be delinquent and impose a disposition specified in
s. 938.34.
938.183(2)
(2) Notwithstanding
ss. 938.12 (1) and
938.18, courts of criminal jurisdiction have exclusive original jurisdiction over a juvenile who is alleged to have attempted or committed a violation of
s. 940.01 or to have committed a violation of
s. 940.02 or
940.05 on or after the juvenile's 15th birthday. Notwithstanding
ss. 938.12 (1) and
938.18, courts of criminal jurisdiction also have exclusive original jurisdiction over a juvenile specified in the preceding sentence who is alleged to have attempted or committed a violation of any state law in addition to the violation alleged under the preceding sentence if the violation alleged under this sentence and the violation alleged under the preceding sentence may be joined under
s. 972.12 (1) [
s. 971.12 (1)]. Notwithstanding
subchs. IV to
VI, a juvenile who is alleged to have attempted or committed a violation of
s. 940.01 or to have committed a violation of
s. 940.02 or
940.05 on or after the juvenile's 15th birthday and a juvenile who is alleged to have attempted or committed a violation of any state criminal law, if that violation and an attempt to commit a violation of
s. 940.01 or the commission of a violation of
s. 940.01,
940.02 or
940.05 may be joined under
s. 971.12 (1), is subject to the procedures specified in
chs. 967 to
979 and the criminal penalties provided for the crime that the juvenile is alleged to have committed, except that the court of criminal jurisdiction shall, in lieu of convicting the juvenile, adjudge the juvenile to be delinquent and impose a disposition specified in
s. 938.34 if the court of criminal jurisdiction finds that the juvenile has committed a lesser offense than the offense alleged under this subsection or has committed an offense that is joined under
s. 971.12 (1) to an attempt to commit a violation of
s. 940.01 or to the commission of a violation of
s. 940.01,
940.02 or
940.05 but has not attempted to commit a violation of
s. 940.01 or committed a violation of
s. 940.01,
940.02 or
940.05, and the court of criminal jurisdiction, after considering the criteria specified in
s. 938.18 (5), determines that the juvenile has proved by clear and convincing evidence that it would be in the best interests of the juvenile and of the public to adjudge the juvenile to be delinquent and impose a disposition specified in
s. 938.34.
938.183 Note
NOTE: The bracketed language indicates the correct cross-reference. Corrective legislation is pending.
938.183(3)
(3) When a juvenile who is subject to a criminal penalty under
sub. (1m) or
(2) attains the age of 17 years, the department may place the juvenile in a state prison named in
s. 302.01. If a juvenile who is subject to a criminal penalty under
sub. (1m) or
(2) is 15 years of age or over, the department may transfer the juvenile to the Racine youthful offender correctional facility named in
s. 302.01 as provided in
s. 938.357 (4) (d). A juvenile who is subject to a criminal penalty under
sub. (1m) or
(2) for an act committed before December 31, 1999, is eligible for parole under
s. 304.06.
938.183(4)
(4) If the juvenile is placed outside the juvenile's home under this section, the order shall contain a designation of the amount of support, if any, to be paid by the juvenile's parent, guardian or trustee, specifying that the support obligation begins on the date of the placement, or a referral to the county child support agency under
s. 59.53 (5) for establishment of child support.
938.183 History
History: 1995 a. 77,
216,
352;
1997 a. 27,
35,
205,
252,
283.
938.183 Annotation
There is no constitutionally protected right that a juvenile's name not be released prior to a reverse waiver hearing under s. 48.183 (now this section). State v. Hazen, 198 W (2d) 554, 543 NW (2d) 503 (Ct. App. 1995).
938.185(1)(c)
(c) In the case of a violation of a state law or a county, town or municipal ordinance, the county where the violation occurred, except that in that case the court of the county where the violation occurred may, after the juvenile is adjudged delinquent, transfer the proceeding to the county where the juvenile resides for disposition, if the court of the county of residence agrees to that transfer.
938.185(2)
(2) Venue for any proceeding under
s. 938.363 or
938.365 shall be in the county where the dispositional order was issued, unless the juvenile's county of residence has changed, or the parent of the juvenile has resided in a different county of this state for 6 months. In either case, the court may, upon a motion and for good cause shown, transfer the case, along with all appropriate records, to the county of residence of the juvenile or parent.
938.185(3)
(3) Venue for a proceeding under
s. 938.12 or
938.13 (12) based on an alleged violation of
s. 301.45 (6) may be in the juvenile's county of residence at the time that the petition is filed or, if the juvenile does not have a county of residence in this state at the time that the petition is filed, any county in which the juvenile has resided while subject to
s. 301.45.
938.185 History
History: 1995 a. 77,
352,
440.
938.185 Annotation
Venue becomes an issue only in the event that it is contested. It is not an element of the crime charged. The county where a juvenile "resides" is the county of domicile. The county where a juvenile "is present" is the county where the child is present at the time a petition is filed. State v. Corey J. G. 215 W (2d) 394, 572 NW (2d) 845 (1998).
HOLDING A JUVENILE IN CUSTODY
938.19
938.19
Taking a juvenile into custody. 938.19(1)
(1) A juvenile may be taken into custody under any of the following:
938.19(1)(c)
(c) An order of the judge if made upon a showing satisfactory to the judge that the welfare of the juvenile demands that the juvenile be immediately removed from his or her present custody. The order shall specify that the juvenile be held in custody under
s. 938.207.
938.19(1)(d)
(d) Circumstances in which a law enforcement officer believes on reasonable grounds that any of the following conditions exists:
938.19(1)(d)1.
1. A capias or a warrant for the juvenile's apprehension has been issued in this state, or that the juvenile is a fugitive from justice.
938.19(1)(d)2.
2. A capias or a warrant for the juvenile's apprehension has been issued in another state.
938.19(1)(d)3.
3. The juvenile is committing or has committed an act which is a violation of a state or federal criminal law.
938.19(1)(d)4.
4. The juvenile has run away from his or her parents, guardian or legal or physical custodian.
938.19(1)(d)5.
5. The juvenile is suffering from illness or injury or is in immediate danger from his or her surroundings and removal from those surroundings is necessary.
938.19(1)(d)6.
6. The juvenile has violated the terms of court-ordered supervision or aftercare supervision administered by the department or a county department.
938.19(1)(d)7.
7. The juvenile has violated the conditions of an order under
s. 938.21 (4) or the conditions of an order for temporary physical custody by an intake worker.
938.19(1)(d)8.
8. The juvenile has violated a civil law or a local ordinance punishable by a forfeiture, except that in that case the juvenile shall be released immediately under
s. 938.20 (2) (ag) or as soon as reasonably possible under
s. 938.20 (2) (b) to
(g).
938.19(1m)
(1m) A juvenile who is absent from school without an acceptable excuse under
s. 118.15 may be taken into custody by an individual designated under
s. 118.16 (2m) (a) if the school attendance officer of the school district in which the juvenile resides or the juvenile's parent, guardian or legal custodian requests that the juvenile be taken into custody. The request shall specifically identify the juvenile.
938.19(2)
(2) When a juvenile is taken into physical custody as provided in this section, the person taking the juvenile into custody shall immediately attempt to notify the parent, guardian and legal custodian of the juvenile by the most practical means. The person taking the juvenile into custody shall continue such attempt until the parent, guardian and legal custodian of the juvenile are notified, or the juvenile is delivered to an intake worker under
s. 938.20 (3), whichever occurs first. If the juvenile is delivered to the intake worker before the parent, guardian and legal custodian are notified, the intake worker, or another person at his or her direction, shall continue the attempt to notify until the parent, guardian and legal custodian of the juvenile are notified.
938.19(3)
(3) Taking into custody is not an arrest except for the purpose of determining whether the taking into custody or the obtaining of any evidence is lawful.
938.19 History
History: 1995 a. 77.
938.19 Annotation
Juvenile may not be taken into custody under (1) (d) 7 for violating ordinance which does not impose a forfeiture although forfeiture may be imposed under 48.343 (2). In Interest of J.F.F. 164 W (2d) 10, 473 NW (2d) 546 (Ct. App. 1991).
938.19 Note
NOTE: The above annotation cited to s. 48.19, the predecessor statute to s. 938.19.
938.20
938.20
Release or delivery from custody. 938.20(2)(ag)(ag) Except as provided in
pars. (b) to
(g), a person taking a juvenile into custody shall make every effort to release the juvenile immediately to the juvenile's parent, guardian or legal custodian.
938.20(2)(b)
(b) If the juvenile's parent, guardian or legal custodian is unavailable, unwilling or unable to provide supervision for the juvenile, the person who took the juvenile into custody may release the juvenile to a responsible adult after counseling or warning the juvenile as may be appropriate.
938.20(2)(c)
(c) If the juvenile is 15 years of age or older, the person who took the juvenile into custody may release the juvenile without immediate adult supervision after counseling or warning the juvenile as may be appropriate.
938.20(2)(cm)
(cm) If the juvenile has violated the terms of aftercare supervision administered by the department or a county department, the person who took the juvenile into custody may release the juvenile to the department or county department, whichever has aftercare supervision over the juvenile.
938.20(2)(d)
(d) If the juvenile is a runaway, the person who took the juvenile into custody may release the juvenile to a home authorized under
s. 48.227.
938.20(2)(e)
(e) If a juvenile is taken into custody under
s. 938.19 (1) (d) 10., the law enforcement officer who took the juvenile into custody may release the juvenile under
par. (ag) or
(b) or, if the school board of the school district in which the juvenile resides has established a youth service center under
s. 118.16 (4) (e), may deliver that juvenile to that youth service center. If the juvenile is delivered to a youth service center, personnel of the youth service center may release the juvenile to the juvenile's parent, guardian or legal custodian, or release the juvenile to the juvenile's school, after counseling the juvenile as may be appropriate. If the juvenile is released to the juvenile's school, personnel of the youth service center shall immediately notify the juvenile's parent, guardian and legal custodian that the juvenile was taken into custody under
s. 938.19 (1) (d) 10. and released to the juvenile's school.
938.20(2)(f)
(f) If a juvenile is taken into custody under
s. 938.19 (1m), the person who took the juvenile into custody may release the juvenile under
par. (ag),
(b) or
(e) or to the juvenile's school administrator, as defined in
s. 125.09 (2) (a) 3., or a school employe designated by the school administrator. If a juvenile is released to a school administrator or the school administrator's designee under this paragraph, the school administrator or designee shall do all of the following:
938.20(2)(f)1.
1. Immediately notify the juvenile's parent, guardian or legal custodian that the juvenile was taken into custody under
s. 938.19 (1m) and released to the school administrator or his or her designee.
938.20(2)(f)2.
2. Make a determination of whether the juvenile is a child at risk, as defined in
s. 118.153 (1) (a), unless that determination has been made within the current school semester. If a juvenile is determined to be a child at risk under this subdivision, the school administrator shall provide a program for the juvenile according to the plan developed under
s. 118.153 (2) (a).
938.20(2)(f)3.
3. Provide the juvenile and his or her parent or guardian with an opportunity for educational counseling to determine whether a change in the juvenile's program or curriculum, including any of the modifications specified in
s. 118.15 (1) (d), would resolve the juvenile's truancy problem, unless the juvenile and his or her parent or guardian have been provided with an opportunity for educational counseling within the current school semester.
938.20(2)(g)
(g) If a juvenile is taken into custody under
s. 938.19 (1) (d) 10. and is not released under
par. (ag),
(b) or
(e) or if a juvenile is taken into custody under
s. 938.19 (1m) and is not released under
par. (ag),
(b),
(e) or
(f), the person who took the juvenile into custody shall release the juvenile without immediate adult supervision after counseling or warning the juvenile as may be appropriate.
938.20(3)
(3) If the juvenile is released under
sub. (2) (b) to
(d) or
(g), the person who took the juvenile into custody shall immediately notify the juvenile's parent, guardian and legal custodian of the time and circumstances of the release and the person, if any, to whom the juvenile was released. If the juvenile is not released under
sub. (2), the person who took the juvenile into custody shall arrange in a manner determined by the court and law enforcement agencies for the juvenile to be interviewed by the intake worker under
s. 938.067 (2), and shall make a statement in writing with supporting facts of the reasons why the juvenile was taken into physical custody and shall give any juvenile 10 years of age or older a copy of the statement in addition to giving a copy to the intake worker. When the intake interview is not done in person, the report may be read to the intake worker.
938.20(4)
(4) If the juvenile is believed to be suffering from a serious physical condition which requires either prompt diagnosis or prompt treatment, the person taking the juvenile into physical custody, the intake worker or other appropriate person shall deliver the juvenile to a hospital as defined in
s. 50.33 (2) (a) and
(c) or physician's office.
938.20(5)
(5) If the juvenile is believed to be mentally ill, drug dependent or developmentally disabled, and exhibits conduct which constitutes a substantial probability of physical harm to the juvenile or to others, or a very substantial probability of physical impairment or injury to the juvenile exists due to the impaired judgment of the juvenile, and the standards of
s. 51.15 are met, the person taking the juvenile into physical custody, the intake worker or other appropriate person shall proceed under
s. 51.15.
938.20(6)
(6) If the juvenile is believed to be an intoxicated person who has threatened, attempted or inflicted physical harm on himself or herself or on another and is likely to inflict such physical harm unless committed, or is incapacitated by alcohol, the person taking the juvenile into physical custody, the intake worker or other appropriate person shall proceed under
s. 51.45 (11).
938.20(7)(a)(a) When a juvenile is interviewed by an intake worker, the intake worker shall inform any juvenile possibly involved in a delinquent act of his or her right to counsel and the right against self-incrimination.
938.20(7)(b)
(b) The intake worker shall review the need to hold the juvenile in custody and shall make every effort to release the juvenile from custody as provided in
par. (c). The intake worker shall base his or her decision as to whether to release the juvenile or to continue to hold the juvenile in custody on the criteria specified in
s. 938.205 and criteria established under
s. 938.06 (1) or
(2).
938.20(7)(c)
(c) The intake worker may release the juvenile as follows:
938.20(7)(c)1.
1. To a parent, guardian or legal custodian, or, if the parent, guardian or legal custodian is unavailable, unwilling or unable to provide supervision for the juvenile, release the juvenile to a responsible adult, counseling or warning the juvenile as may be appropriate, or, if the juvenile is 15 years of age or older, release the juvenile without immediate adult supervision, counseling or warning the juvenile as may be appropriate.
938.20(7)(c)1m.
1m. In the case of a juvenile who has violated the terms of aftercare supervision administered by the department or a county department, to the department or county department, whichever has aftercare supervision of the juvenile.
938.20(7)(d)
(d) If the juvenile is released from custody, the intake worker shall immediately notify the juvenile's parent, guardian and legal custodian of the time and circumstances of the release and the person, if any, to whom the juvenile was released.
938.20(8)
(8) If a juvenile is held in custody, the intake worker shall notify the juvenile's parent, guardian and legal custodian of the reasons for holding the juvenile in custody and of the juvenile's whereabouts unless there is reason to believe that notice would present imminent danger to the juvenile. If a juvenile who has violated the terms of aftercare supervision administered by the department or a county department is held in custody, the intake worker shall also notify the department or county department, whichever has supervision over the juvenile, of the reasons for holding the juvenile in custody, of the juvenile's whereabouts and of the time and place of the detention hearing required under
s. 938.21. The parent, guardian and legal custodian shall also be notified of the time and place of the detention hearing required under
s. 938.21, the nature and possible consequences of that hearing and the right to present and cross-examine witnesses at the hearing. If the parent, guardian or legal custodian is not immediately available, the intake worker or another person designated by the court shall provide notice as soon as possible. When the juvenile is alleged to have committed a delinquent act, the juvenile shall receive the same notice about the detention hearing as the parent, guardian or legal custodian. The intake worker shall notify both the juvenile and the juvenile's parent, guardian or legal custodian.
938.20 History
History: 1995 a. 77;
1997 a. 35.
938.205
938.205
Criteria for holding a juvenile in physical custody. 938.205(1)(1) A juvenile may be held under
s. 938.207,
938.208 or
938.209 (1) if the intake worker determines that there is probable cause to believe the juvenile is within the jurisdiction of the court and if probable cause exists to believe any of the following:
938.205 Note
NOTE: Sub. (1) (intro.) is shown as affected by two acts of the 1997 legislature and as merged by the revisor under s. 13.93 (2) (c).
938.205(1)(a)
(a) That if the juvenile is not held he or she will commit injury to the person or property of others.
938.205(1)(b)
(b) That the parent, guardian or legal custodian of the juvenile or other responsible adult is neglecting, refusing, unable or unavailable to provide adequate supervision and care and that services to ensure the juvenile's safety and well-being are not available or would be inadequate.
938.205(1)(c)
(c) That the juvenile will run away or be taken away so as to be unavailable for proceedings of the court or its officers or proceedings of the division of hearings and appeals in the department of administration for revocation of aftercare supervision.
