948.70 Tattooing of children.
948.01
948.01
Definitions. In this chapter, the following words and phrases have the designated meanings unless the context of a specific section manifestly requires a different construction:
948.01(1)
(1) "Child" means a person who has not attained the age of 18 years, except that for purposes of prosecuting a person who is alleged to have violated a state or federal criminal law, "child" does not include a person who has attained the age of 17 years.
948.01(2)
(2) "Mental harm" means substantial harm to a child's psychological or intellectual functioning which may be evidenced by a substantial degree of certain characteristics of the child including, but not limited to, anxiety, depression, withdrawal or outward aggressive behavior. "Mental harm" may be demonstrated by a substantial and observable change in behavior, emotional response or cognition that is not within the normal range for the child's age and stage of development.
948.01(3)
(3) "Person responsible for the child's welfare" includes the child's parent; stepparent; guardian; foster parent; treatment foster parent; an employe of a public or private residential home, institution or agency; other person legally responsible for the child's welfare in a residential setting; or a person employed by one legally responsible for the child's welfare to exercise temporary control or care for the child.
948.01(4)
(4) "Sadomasochistic abuse" means the infliction of force, pain or violence upon a person for the purpose of sexual arousal or gratification.
948.01(5)
(5) "Sexual contact" means any of the following:
948.01(5)(a)
(a) Intentional touching by the complainant or defendant, either directly or through clothing by the use of any body part or object, of the complainant's or defendant's intimate parts if that intentional touching is either for the purpose of sexually degrading or sexually humiliating the complainant or sexually arousing or gratifying the defendant.
948.01(5)(b)
(b) Intentional penile ejaculation of ejaculate or intentional emission of urine or feces by the defendant upon any part of the body clothed or unclothed of the complainant if that ejaculation or emission is either for the purpose of sexually degrading or sexually humiliating the complainant or for the purpose of sexually arousing or gratifying the defendant.
948.01(6)
(6) "Sexual intercourse" means vulvar penetration as well as cunnilingus, fellatio or anal intercourse between persons or any other intrusion, however slight, of any part of a person's body or of any object into the genital or anal opening either by the defendant or upon the defendant's instruction. The emission of semen is not required.
948.01(7)
(7) "Sexually explicit conduct" means actual or simulated:
948.01(7)(a)
(a) Sexual intercourse, meaning vulvar penetration as well as cunnilingus, fellatio or anal intercourse between persons or any other intrusion, however slight, of any part of a person's body or of any object into the genital or anal opening either by a person or upon the person's instruction. The emission of semen is not required;
948.01(7)(d)
(d) Sexual sadism or sexual masochistic abuse including, but not limited to, flagellation, torture or bondage; or
948.01 Annotation
Instructions were proper that told jury "lewd" under (7) (e) when applied to photographs is not mere nudity but requires display of the genital area and sexual suggestiveness as determined by jury in use of common sense. State v. Petrone, 161 W (2d) 530, 468 NW (2d) 676 (1991).
948.01 Annotation
Where a defendant allows sexual contact initiated by a child, the defendant is guilty of intentional touching as defined in sub. (5). State v. Traylor, 170 W (2d) 393, 489 NW (2d) 626 (Ct. App. 1992).
948.01 Annotation
Definition of "parent" in sub. (3) is all-inclusive; a defendant whose paternity was admitted but had never been adjudged is a "parent". State v. Evans, 171 W (2d) 471, 492 NW (2d) 141 (1992).
948.01 Annotation
A live-in boyfriend can be a person responsible for the welfare of a child under sub. (3) if he was used by the child's legal guardian as a caretaker for the child. State v. Sostre, 198 W (2d) 409, 542 NW (2d) 774 (1996).
948.015
948.015
Other offenses against children. In addition to the offenses under this chapter, offenses against children include, but are not limited to, the following:
948.015(3)
(3) Section 125.07, relating to furnishing alcohol beverages to underage persons.
948.015(5)
(5) Section 254.12, relating to applying lead-bearing paints or selling or transferring a fixture or other object containing a lead-bearing paint.
948.015(6)
(6) Sections 961.01 (6) and
(9) and
961.49, relating to delivering and distributing controlled substances or controlled substance analogs to children.
948.02
948.02
Sexual assault of a child. 948.02(1)
(1)
First degree sexual assault. Whoever has sexual contact or sexual intercourse with a person who has not attained the age of 13 years is guilty of a Class B felony.
948.02(2)
(2) Second degree sexual assault. Whoever has sexual contact or sexual intercourse with a person who has not attained the age of 16 years is guilty of a Class BC felony.
948.02(3)
(3) Failure to act. A person responsible for the welfare of a child who has not attained the age of 16 years is guilty of a Class C felony if that person has knowledge that another person intends to have, is having or has had sexual intercourse or sexual contact with the child, is physically and emotionally capable of taking action which will prevent the intercourse or contact from taking place or being repeated, fails to take that action and the failure to act exposes the child to an unreasonable risk that intercourse or contact may occur between the child and the other person or facilitates the intercourse or contact that does occur between the child and the other person.
948.02(3m)
(3m) Penalty enhancement; sexual assault by certain persons. If a person violates
sub. (1) or
(2) and the person is responsible for the welfare of the child who is the victim of the violation, the maximum term of imprisonment may be increased by not more than 5 years.
948.02(4)
(4) Marriage not a bar to prosecution. A defendant shall not be presumed to be incapable of violating this section because of marriage to the complainant.
948.02(5)
(5) Death of victim. This section applies whether a victim is dead or alive at the time of the sexual contact or sexual intercourse.
948.02 Annotation
Limits relating to expert testimony regarding child sex abuse victims discussed. State v. Hernandez, 192 W (2d) 251, 531 NW (2d) 348 (Ct. App. 1995).
948.02 Annotation
The criminalization under sub. (2) of consensual sexual relations with a child under 16 does not violate the defendant's constitutionally protected privacy rights. State v. Fisher, 211 W (2d) 664, 565 NW (2d) 565 (Ct. App. 1997).
948.02 Annotation
Second degree sexual assault under sub. (2) is a lesser included offense of first degree sexual assault under sub. (1). State v. Moua, 215 W (2d) 510, 573 NW (2d) 210 (Ct. App. 1997).
948.02 Annotation
Constitutionality upheld. Sweeney v. Smith, 9 F Supp 2d (1998).
948.025
948.025
Engaging in repeated acts of sexual assault of the same child. 948.025(1)(1) Whoever commits 3 or more violations under
s. 948.02 (1) or
(2) within a specified period of time involving the same child is guilty of a Class B felony.
948.025(2)
(2) If an action under
sub. (1) is tried to a jury, in order to find the defendant guilty the members of the jury must unanimously agree that at least 3 violations occurred within the time period applicable under
sub. (1) but need not agree on which acts constitute the requisite number.
948.025(2m)
(2m) If a person violates
sub. (1) and the person is responsible for the welfare of the child who is the victim of the violation, the maximum term of imprisonment may be increased by not more than 5 years.
948.025(3)
(3) The state may not charge in the same action a defendant with a violation of this section and with a felony violation involving the same child under
ch. 944 or a violation involving the same child under
s. 948.02,
948.05,
948.06,
948.07,
948.08,
948.10,
948.11 or
948.12, unless the other violation occurred outside of the time period applicable under
sub. (1). This subsection does not prohibit a conviction for an included crime under
s. 939.66 when the defendant is charged with a violation of this section.
948.025 History
History: 1993 a. 227;
1995 a. 14.
948.025 Annotation
Sub. (2) is constitutional. The right to a unanimous jury verdict is fulfilled by the requirement the a continuous course of conduct be found. State v. Molitor, 210 W (2d) 416, 565 NW (2d) 248 (Ct. App. 1997).
948.03
948.03
Physical abuse of a child. 948.03(1)
(1)
Definitions. In this section, "recklessly" means conduct which creates a situation of unreasonable risk of harm to and demonstrates a conscious disregard for the safety of the child.
948.03(2)
(2) Intentional causation of bodily harm. 948.03(2)(a)(a) Whoever intentionally causes great bodily harm to a child is guilty of a Class C felony.
948.03(2)(b)
(b) Whoever intentionally causes bodily harm to a child is guilty of a Class D felony.
948.03(2)(c)
(c) Whoever intentionally causes bodily harm to a child by conduct which creates a high probability of great bodily harm is guilty of a Class C felony.
948.03(3)
(3) Reckless causation of bodily harm. 948.03(3)(a)(a) Whoever recklessly causes great bodily harm to a child is guilty of a Class D felony.
948.03(3)(b)
(b) Whoever recklessly causes bodily harm to a child is guilty of a Class E felony.
948.03(3)(c)
(c) Whoever recklessly causes bodily harm to a child by conduct which creates a high probability of great bodily harm is guilty of a Class D felony.
948.03(4)
(4) Failing to act to prevent bodily harm. 948.03(4)(a)(a) A person responsible for the child's welfare is guilty of a Class C felony if that person has knowledge that another person intends to cause, is causing or has intentionally or recklessly caused great bodily harm to the child and is physically and emotionally capable of taking action which will prevent the bodily harm from occurring or being repeated, fails to take that action and the failure to act exposes the child to an unreasonable risk of great bodily harm by the other person or facilitates the great bodily harm to the child that is caused by the other person.
948.03(4)(b)
(b) A person responsible for the child's welfare is guilty of a Class D felony if that person has knowledge that another person intends to cause, is causing or has intentionally or recklessly caused bodily harm to the child and is physically and emotionally capable of taking action which will prevent the bodily harm from occurring or being repeated, fails to take that action and the failure to act exposes the child to an unreasonable risk of bodily harm by the other person or facilitates the bodily harm to the child that is caused by the other person.
948.03(5)
(5) Penalty enhancement; abuse by certain persons. If a person violates
sub. (2) or
(3) and the person is responsible for the welfare of the child who is the victim of the violation, the maximum term of imprisonment may be increased by not more than 5 years.
948.03(6)
(6) Treatment through prayer. A person is not guilty of an offense under this section solely because he or she provides a child with treatment by spiritual means through prayer alone for healing in accordance with the religious method of healing permitted under
s. 48.981 (3) (c) 4. or
448.03 (6) in lieu of medical or surgical treatment.
948.03 History
History: 1987 a. 332.
948.03 Annotation
To obtain a conviction for aiding and abetting a violation of sub. (2) or (3) the state must prove conduct which as a matter of objective fact aids another in executing the crime. State v. Rundle, 176 W (2d) 985, 500 NW (2d) 916 (Ct. App. 1993).
948.03 Annotation
A live-in boyfriend can be a person responsible for the welfare of a child under sub. (5) if he was used by the child's legal guardian as a caretaker for the child. State v. Sostre, 198 W (2d) 409, 542 NW (2d) 774 (1996).
948.04
948.04
Causing mental harm to a child. 948.04(1)
(1) Whoever is exercising temporary or permanent control of a child and causes mental harm to that child by conduct which demonstrates substantial disregard for the mental well-being of the child is guilty of a Class C felony.
948.04(2)
(2) A person responsible for the child's welfare is guilty of a Class C felony if that person has knowledge that another person has caused, is causing or will cause mental harm to that child, is physically and emotionally capable of taking action which will prevent the harm, fails to take that action and the failure to act exposes the child to an unreasonable risk of mental harm by the other person or facilitates the mental harm to the child that is caused by the other person.
948.04 History
History: 1987 a. 332.
948.05
948.05
Sexual exploitation of a child. 948.05(1)
(1) Whoever does any of the following with knowledge of the character and content of the sexually explicit conduct involving the child is guilty of a Class C felony:
948.05(1)(a)
(a) Employs, uses, persuades, induces, entices or coerces any child to engage in sexually explicit conduct for the purpose of photographing, filming, videotaping, recording the sounds of or displaying in any way the conduct.
948.05(1)(b)
(b) Photographs, films, videotapes, records the sounds of or displays in any way a child engaged in sexually explicit conduct.
948.05(1)(c)
(c) Produces, performs in, profits from, promotes, imports into the state, reproduces, advertises, sells, distributes or possesses with intent to sell or distribute, any undeveloped film, photographic negative, photograph, motion picture, videotape, sound recording or other reproduction of a child engaging in sexually explicit conduct.
948.05(2)
(2) A person responsible for a child's welfare who knowingly permits, allows or encourages the child to engage in sexually explicit conduct for a purpose proscribed in
sub. (1) (a),
(b) or
(c) is guilty of a Class C felony.
948.05(3)
(3) It is an affirmative defense to prosecution for violation of this section if the defendant had reasonable cause to believe that the child had attained the age of 18 years, and the child exhibited to the defendant, or the defendant's agent or client, a draft card, driver's license, birth certificate or other official or apparently official document purporting to establish that the child had attained the age of 18 years. A defendant who raises this affirmative defense has the burden of proving this defense by a preponderance of the evidence.
948.05 History
History: 1987 a. 332.
948.05 Annotation
Term "import" under (1) (c) means bringing in from external source and does not require commercial element or exempt personal use. State v. Bruckner, 151 W (2d) 833, 447 NW (2d) 376 (Ct. App. 1989).
948.05 Annotation
Sub. (3) does not relieve the state of the burden of proving knowledge of age where conduct under sub. (1) (c) occurs outside of the child's presence. State v. Zarnke, 215 W (2d) 71, 572 NW (2d) 491 (Ct. App. 1997).
948.055
948.055
Causing a child to view or listen to sexual activity. 948.055(1)(1) Whoever intentionally causes a child who has not attained 18 years of age to view or listen to sexually explicit conduct may be penalized as provided in
sub. (2) if the viewing or listening is for the purpose of sexually arousing or gratifying the actor or humiliating or degrading the child.
948.055(2)(a)
(a) A Class C felony if the child has not attained the age of 13 years.
