939.64(2)
(2) If a person commits a felony while wearing a bulletproof garment, the maximum term of imprisonment prescribed by law for that crime may be increased by 10 years.
939.641
939.641
Penalty; concealing identity. If a person commits a crime while his or her usual appearance has been concealed, disguised or altered, with intent to make it less likely that he or she will be identified with the crime, the penalties may be increased as follows:
939.641(1)
(1) In case of a misdemeanor, the maximum fine prescribed by law for the crime may be increased by not more than $10,000 and the maximum term of imprisonment prescribed by law for the crime may be increased so that the revised maximum term of imprisonment is one year in the county jail.
939.641(2)
(2) In case of a felony, the maximum fine prescribed by law for the crime may be increased by not more than $10,000 and the maximum term of imprisonment prescribed by law for the crime may be increased by not more than 5 years.
939.641 History
History: 1977 c. 173;
1985 a. 104 s.
2;
2001 a. 109.
939.641 Annotation
When two penalty enhancers are applicable to the same crime, the length of the second penalty enhancer is based on the maximum term for the base crime as extended by the first penalty enhancer. State v. Quiroz, 2002 WI App 52,
251 Wis. 2d 245,
641 N.W.2d 715.
939.645
939.645
Penalty; crimes committed against certain people or property. 939.645(1)(1) If a person does all of the following, the penalties for the underlying crime are increased as provided in
sub. (2):
939.645(1)(b)
(b) Intentionally selects the person against whom the crime under
par. (a) is committed or selects the property that is damaged or otherwise affected by the crime under
par. (a) in whole or in part because of the actor's belief or perception regarding the race, religion, color, disability, sexual orientation, national origin or ancestry of that person or the owner or occupant of that property, whether or not the actor's belief or perception was correct.
939.645(2)(a)(a) If the crime committed under
sub. (1) is ordinarily a misdemeanor other than a Class A misdemeanor, the revised maximum fine is $10,000 and the revised maximum term of imprisonment is one year in the county jail.
939.645(2)(b)
(b) If the crime committed under
sub. (1) is ordinarily a Class A misdemeanor, the penalty increase under this section changes the status of the crime to a felony and the revised maximum fine is $10,000 and the revised maximum term of imprisonment is 2 years.
939.645(2)(c)
(c) If the crime committed under
sub. (1) is a felony, the maximum fine prescribed by law for the crime may be increased by not more than $5,000 and the maximum term of imprisonment prescribed by law for the crime may be increased by not more than 5 years.
Effective date note
NOTE: Sub. (2) is shown as amended eff. 2-1-03 by
2001 Wis. Act 109. Prior to 2-1-03 it reads:
Effective date text
(2) (a) If the crime committed under sub. (1) is ordinarily a misdemeanor other than a Class A misdemeanor, the revised maximum fine is $10,000 and the revised maximum period of imprisonment is one year in the county jail.
Effective date text
(b) If the crime committed under sub. (1) is ordinarily a Class A misdemeanor, the penalty increase under this section changes the status of the crime to a felony and the revised maximum fine is $10,000 and the revised maximum period of imprisonment is 2 years.
Effective date text
(c) If the crime committed under sub. (1) is a felony, the maximum fine prescribed by law for the crime may be increased by not more than $5,000 and the maximum period of imprisonment prescribed by law for the crime may be increased by not more than 5 years.
939.645(3)
(3) This section provides for the enhancement of the penalties applicable for the underlying crime. The court shall direct that the trier of fact find a special verdict as to all of the issues specified in
sub. (1).
939.645(4)
(4) This section does not apply to any crime if proof of race, religion, color, disability, sexual orientation, national origin or ancestry or proof of any person's perception or belief regarding another's race, religion, color, disability, sexual orientation, national origin or ancestry is required for a conviction for that crime.
939.645 Annotation
When two penalty enhancers are applicable to the same crime, the length of the second penalty enhancer is based on the maximum term for the base crime as extended by the first penalty enhancer. State v. Quiroz, 2002 WI App 52,
251 Wis. 2d 245,
641 N.W.2d 715.
939.645 Annotation
Hate Crimes: New Limits on the Scope of the 1st Amendment. Resler. 77 MLR 415 (1993).
939.645 Annotation
Talking about Hate Speech: A Rhetorical Analysis of American and Canadian Regulation of Hate Speech. Moran. 1994 WLR 1425.
939.645 Annotation
Hate Crimes. Kassel. Wis. Law. Oct. 1992.
939.646
939.646
Penalty; crimes committed using information obtained from the sex offender registry. If a person commits a crime using information that was disclosed to him or her under
s. 301.46, the penalties may be increased as follows:
939.646(1)
(1) In case of a misdemeanor, the maximum fine prescribed by law for the crime may be increased by not more than $1,000 and the maximum term of imprisonment prescribed by law for the crime may be increased by not more than 6 months. This subsection does not change the status of the crime from a misdemeanor to a felony.
939.646(2)
(2) In case of a felony, the maximum term of imprisonment prescribed by law for the crime may be increased by not more than 5 years.
939.646 History
History: 1995 a. 440;
2001 a. 109.
939.647
939.647
Increased penalty; violent felony committed against elder person. 939.647(1)(a)
(a) "Elder person" means any individual who is 62 years of age or older.
939.647(2)
(2) If a person commits a violent felony and the victim of the violent felony is an elder person, the maximum period of imprisonment is increased by 5 years.
939.647(3)
(3) Subsection (2) applies even if the person mistakenly believed that the victim had not attained the age of 62 years.
939.647(4)
(4) This section provides for the enhancement of the penalties applicable for the underlying crime. The court shall direct that the trier of fact find a special verdict as to all of the issues specified in
sub. (2).
939.647 History
History: 1997 a. 266;
2001 a. 109.
939.647 Annotation
When two penalty enhancers are applicable to the same crime, the length of the second penalty enhancer is based on the maximum term for the base crime as extended by the first penalty enhancer. State v. Quiroz, 2002 WI App 52,
251 Wis. 2d 245,
641 N.W.2d 715.
939.648
939.648
Penalty; terrorism. 939.648(1)(1) In this section, "governmental unit" means the United States; the state; any county, city, village or town; or any political subdivision, department, division, board or agency of the United States, the state or any county, city, village or town.
939.648(2)
(2) If a person does all of the following, the penalties for the underlying felony are increased as provided in
sub. (3):
939.648(2)(b)
(b) Commits the felony under any of the following circumstances:
939.648(2)(b)1.
1. The person causes bodily harm, great bodily harm or death to another.
939.648(2)(b)2.
2. The person causes damage to the property of another and the total property damaged is reduced in value by $25,000 or more. For the purposes of this subdivision, property is reduced in value by the amount that it would cost either to repair or replace it, whichever is less.
939.648(2)(b)3.
3. The person uses force or violence or the threat of force or violence.
939.648(2)(c)
(c) Commits the felony with the intent to influence the policy of a governmental unit or to punish a governmental unit for a prior policy decision.
939.648(3)
(3) The maximum fine prescribed by law for the felony may be increased by not more than $50,000 and the maximum period of imprisonment prescribed by law for the felony may be increased by not more than 10 years.
939.648(4)
(4) This section provides for the enhancement of the penalties applicable for the underlying felony. The court shall direct that the trier of fact find a special verdict as to all of the issues specified in
sub. (2).
939.648(5)(a)(a) In this subsection, "labor dispute" includes any controversy concerning terms, tenure or conditions of employment, or concerning the association or representation of persons in negotiating, fixing, maintaining, changing or seeking to arrange terms or conditions of employment, regardless of whether the disputants stand in the proximate relation of employer and employee.
939.648(5)(b)
(b) This section does not apply to conduct arising out of or in connection with a labor dispute.
939.648 History
History: 1993 a. 98;
2001 a. 109.
939.648 Annotation
When two penalty enhancers are applicable to the same crime, the length of the second penalty enhancer is based on the maximum term for the base crime as extended by the first penalty enhancer. State v. Quiroz, 2002 WI App 52,
251 Wis. 2d 245,
641 N.W.2d 715.
RIGHTS OF THE PROSECUTION
939.65
939.65
Prosecution under more than one section permitted. Except as provided in
s. 948.025 (3), if an act forms the basis for a crime punishable under more than one statutory provision, prosecution may proceed under any or all such provisions.
939.65 History
History: 1993 a. 227.
939.65 Annotation
Due process does not require that a person know with certainty which crime, among several, the person is committing, at least until the prosecution exercises its charging discretion. Harris v. State,
78 Wis. 2d 357,
254 N.W.2d 291 (1977).
939.66
939.66
Conviction of included crime permitted. Upon prosecution for a crime, the actor may be convicted of either the crime charged or an included crime, but not both. An included crime may be any of the following:
939.66(1)
(1) A crime which does not require proof of any fact in addition to those which must be proved for the crime charged.
939.66(2)
(2) A crime which is a less serious type of criminal homicide than the one charged.
939.66(2m)
(2m) A crime which is a less serious or equally serious type of battery than the one charged.
939.66(2r)
(2r) A crime which is a less serious type of violation under
s. 943.23 than the one charged.
939.66(3)
(3) A crime which is the same as the crime charged except that it requires recklessness or negligence while the crime charged requires a criminal intent.
939.66(4)
(4) An attempt in violation of
s. 939.32 to commit the crime charged.
939.66(4m)
(4m) A crime of failure to timely pay child support under
s. 948.22 (3) when the crime charged is failure to pay child support for more than 120 days under
s. 948.22 (2).
939.66(5)
(5) The crime of attempted battery when the crime charged is sexual assault, sexual assault of a child, robbery, mayhem or aggravated battery or an attempt to commit any of them.
939.66(6c)
(6c) A crime that is a less serious type of violation under
s. 940.285 than the one charged.
939.66(6e)
(6e) A crime that is a less serious type of violation under
s. 940.295 than the one charged.
939.66 Annotation
To submit a lesser included offense, there must be some reasonable ground in the evidence for conviction on the lesser and acquittal on the greater. A lesser offense is permissible when the the evidence requires the jury to find a disputed factual element in the charged offense that is not required for the lesser. and the jury might find the disputed fact either way. State v. Melvin,
49 Wis. 2d 246,
181 N.W.2d 490 (1970).
939.66 Annotation
Attempted battery can only be an included crime as to the specific offenses listed. State v. Melvin,
49 Wis. 2d 246,
181 N.W.2d 490 (1970).
939.66 Annotation
A charge of possession of a pistol by a minor is not an included crime in a charge of attempted first degree murder because it includes the element of minority that the greater crime does not. State v. Melvin,
49 Wis. 2d 246,
181 N.W.2d 490 (1970).
939.66 Annotation
Disorderly conduct is not a lesser included offense of criminal damage to property. State v. Chacon,
50 Wis. 2d 73,
183 N.W.2d 84 (1971).
939.66 Annotation
While attempted aggravated battery is not an included crime of aggravated battery under sub. (1), it is under sub. (4). The reduced charge does not put the defendant in double jeopardy. Dunn v. State,
55 Wis. 2d 192,
197 N.W.2d 749 (1972).
939.66 Annotation
Under sub. (1), the emphasis is on the proof, not the pleading, and the "stricken word test" stated in Eastway v. State, 189 Wis. 56, is not incorporated in the statute. Martin v. State,
57 Wis. 2d 499,
204 N.W.2d 499 (1973).
939.66 Annotation
Section 947.015, bomb scares, is not an included crime in s. 941.30, recklessly endangering safety. State v. Van Ark,
62 Wis. 2d 155,
215 N.W.2d 41 (1974).
939.66 Annotation
When the evidence overwhelmingly showed that a shooting was intentional, failure to include negligent homicide under ss. 940.06 and 940.08 as a lesser included offenses was not error. Hayzes v. State,
64 Wis. 2d 189,
218 N.W.2d 717 (1974).
939.66 Annotation
In order to justify the submission of an instruction on a lesser degree of homicide than that with which the defendant is charged, there must be a reasonable basis in the evidence for acquittal on the greater charge and for conviction on the lesser charge. Harris v. State,
68 Wis. 2d 436,
228 N.W.2d 645 (1975).
