118.22 Annotation
Arbitration was proper under a "discharge and nonrenewal" clause in a collective bargaining agreement when the school board did not offer teacher a second contract after rejecting a contract that was signed and returned by the teacher with the title "probationary contract" crossed out. Jefferson Joint School Dist. No. 10 v. Jefferson Education Association
78 Wis. 2d 94,
253 N.W.2d 536 (1977).
118.22 Annotation
Under sub. (2), a board has the exclusive right to hire and fire a teacher. Due process does not require that the board be an impartial decisionmaker. Hortonville Education Association v. Hortonville Joint School District No. 1,
87 Wis. 2d 347,
274 N.W.2d 697 (1979).
118.22 Annotation
An employment contract that recites that a teacher's employment will not be renewed cannot be construed as a waiver of rights granted by this section. There is a presumption of good faith applicable to a board's decisions. Faust v. Ladysmith-Hawkins School Systems,
88 Wis. 2d 525,
277 N.W.2d 303,
281 N.W.2d 611 (1979).
118.22 Annotation
The layoff of a teacher is not the equivalent of a "refusal to renew" when a collective bargaining agreement under s. 111.70 contains layoff provisions incorporated in the teacher's contract. Mack v. Joint School District No. 3, Hales Corners,
92 Wis. 2d 476,
285 N.W.2d 604 (1979).
118.22 Annotation
Arbitrators appointed pursuant to the grievance procedure contained in a collective bargaining agreement properly held a de novo factual hearing to determine whether just cause existed for the school board to terminate a teacher. Fortney v. School District of West Salem,
108 Wis. 2d 167,
321 N.W.2d 255 (1982).
118.22 Annotation
A teacher who forgot to accept an employment offer under s. 118.22 (2) and who was consequently terminated did not voluntarily terminate employment under s. 108.04 (7). Nelson v. LIRC,
123 Wis. 2d 221,
365 N.W.2d 629 (Ct. App. 1985).
118.22 Annotation
Sub. (2) requires written notice of nonrenewal. A district must follow the explicit written notice requirement. Sterlinske v. School District of Bruce,
211 Wis. 2d 608,
565 N.W.2d 273 (Ct. App. 1997).
118.22 Annotation
A "private conference" under sub. (3) on nonrenewal of teacher's contract is a "meeting" within s. 19.82 (2). 66 Atty. Gen. 211.
118.22 Annotation
Civil rights; academic freedom; refusal to hire a nontenure teacher for a constitutionally impermissible reason. 1970 WLR 162.
118.22 Annotation
Fairness of a hearing before a school board on nonrenewal of a teacher's contract. 1971 WLR 354.
118.23
118.23
Populous counties; teacher tenure. 118.23(1)
(1) In this section "teacher" means any person who holds a teacher's certificate or license and whose legal employment requires such certificate or license, who is employed full time and meets the minimum requirements prescribed by the governing body employing such person and who is employed by a school board, board of trustees or governing body of any school operating under
chs. 115 to
121 and lying entirely and exclusively in a county having a population of 500,000 or more. "Teacher" does not include any superintendent or assistant superintendent; any teacher having civil service status under
ss. 63.01 to
63.17; any teacher in a public school in a 1st class city; or any person who is employed by a school board during time of war as a substitute for a teacher on leave while on full-time duty in the U.S. armed forces or any reserve or auxiliary thereof and who is notified in writing at the time of employment that the position is of a temporary nature.
118.23(2)
(2) All teachers shall be employed on probation, but after continuous and successful probation for 3 years and the gaining of the 4th contract in the same school system or school, their employment shall be permanent except as provided in
sub. (3). All principals shall be employed on probation, but after continuous and successful probation for 3 years and the gaining of a 4th contract in the same school system or school, their employment shall be permanent except as provided in
sub. (3). Upon accepting employment in another school system or school to which this section applies, a teacher who has acquired permanent employment under this section shall be on probation therein for 2 years. After continuous and successful probation for 2 years and gaining the 3rd contract in such school system or school, employment therein shall be permanent except as provided in
sub. (3). A person who acquired tenure as a teacher under this section shall not be deprived of tenure as a teacher by reason of the person's employment as a principal.
118.23(3)
(3) No teacher who has become permanently employed under this section may be refused employment, dismissed, removed or discharged, except for inefficiency or immorality, for willful and persistent violation of reasonable regulations of the governing body of the school system or school or for other good cause, upon written charges based on fact preferred by the governing body or other proper officer of the school system or school in which the teacher is employed. Upon the teacher's written request and no less than 10 nor more than 30 days after receipt of notice by the teacher, the charges shall be heard and determined by the governing body of the school system or school by which the teacher is employed. Hearings shall be public when requested by the teacher and all proceedings thereat shall be taken by a court reporter. All parties shall be entitled to be represented by counsel at the hearing. The action of the governing body is final.
118.23(4)
(4) If necessary to decrease the number of permanently employed teachers by reason of a substantial decrease of pupil population within the school district, the governing body of the school system or school may lay off the necessary number of teachers, but only in the inverse order of the appointment of such teachers. No permanently employed teacher may be prevented from securing other employment during the period that the teacher is laid off under this subsection. Such teachers shall be reinstated in inverse order of their being laid off, if qualified to fill the vacancies. Such reinstatement shall not result in a loss of credit for previous years of service. No new permanent or substitute appointments may be made while there are laid off permanent teachers available who are qualified to fill the vacancies.
118.23(5)
(5) A collective bargaining agreement may modify, waive or replace any of the provisions of this section as they apply to teachers in the collective bargaining unit, but neither the employer nor the bargaining agent for the employees is required to bargain such modification, waiver or replacement.
118.23(6)
(6) This section does not apply after December 21, 1995. Any person whose employment is permanent under
sub. (3) on December 21, 1995, shall retain all of the rights and privileges of such permanent employment after that date.
118.23 Annotation
Layoff and reinstatement provisions in this section are to be applied separately to classroom teachers and principals. 70 Atty. Gen. 6.
118.235
118.235
Lunch period for teachers. Every school board shall grant daily a duty-free lunch period to each of its teachers, except that a school district may contract with any teacher employed by it for services during such period. Such period shall be not less than 30 minutes and shall be provided at or near the time of the regular school lunch period.
118.24
118.24
School district administrator. 118.24(1)
(1) A school board may employ a school district administrator, a business manager and school principals and assistants to such persons. The term of each employment contract may not exceed 2 years. A contract for a term of 2 years may provide for one or more extensions of one year each.
118.24(2)(a)(a) Under the direction of the employing school board, the school district administrator shall have general supervision and management of the professional work of the schools and the promotion of pupils.
118.24(2)(b)
(b) The school district administrator shall not be a member of the school board and shall not engage in any pursuit which interferes with the proper discharge of the duties.
118.24(2)(c)
(c) The school district administrator shall make written recommendations to the school board on teachers, courses of study, discipline and such other matters as the administrator thinks advisable and shall perform such other duties as the school board requires.
118.24(2)(d)
(d) The school district administrator may act as principal or teacher in any school under the administrator's supervision.
118.24(2)(f)
(f) The school district administrator shall ensure that the administrative and pupil service staff in the district cooperate with the county department under
s. 51.42 in the dissemination of information regarding the availability of alcohol and drug abuse services and to jointly establish procedures for the referral to appropriate agencies of students experiencing problems resulting from the use of alcohol or other drugs.
118.24(3)
(3) The principal shall perform such administrative and instructional leadership responsibilities as are assigned by the district administrator under the rules and regulations of the school board.
118.24(4)
(4) A business administrator shall perform such fiscal and business management and other administrative duties as are assigned by the district administrator subject to the rules, regulations and approval of the school board.
118.24(5)
(5) School principals and business administrators, and assistants thereto, may, upon authorization from the school board or district administrator, attend conventions for the purpose of promoting and stimulating their professional growth and for improving the schools of the district and the state. For such approved attendance they may be reimbursed for actual and necessary expenses incurred for travel, board, lodging and attendance at such conventions upon proper filing of proof of attendance and of such necessary expenditures.
118.24(6)
(6) The employment contract of any person described under
sub. (1) shall be in writing and filed with the school district clerk. At least 4 months prior to the expiration of the employment contract, the employing school board shall give notice in writing of either renewal of the contract or of refusal to renew such person's contract. If no such notice is given, the contract then in force shall continue in force for 2 years. Any such person who receives notice of renewal or who does not receive notice of renewal or refusal to renew the person's contract at least 4 months before the contract expiration shall accept or reject the contract in writing on or before a date 3 months prior to the contract expiration. No such person may be employed or dismissed except by a majority vote of the full membership of the school board. Nothing in this section prevents the modification or termination of an employment contract by mutual agreement of the parties. No school board may enter into a contract of employment with any such person for a period of time as to which such person is then under a contract of employment with another school board.
118.24(7)
(7) Prior to giving notice of refusal to renew the contract of any person described under
sub. (1), the employing board shall give such person preliminary notice in writing by registered mail at least 5 months prior to the expiration of such contract that the board is considering nonrenewal of the contract, and that if such person files a written request with the board within 7 days after receiving such notice, the person has the right to a hearing before the board prior to being given written notice of refusal to renew the contract. The written request for a hearing shall include a statement requesting either a private hearing or a public hearing before the board.
Section 118.22 does not apply to such a proceeding. If a hearing concerning nonrenewal of the contract is requested, the reasons upon which the board is considering nonrenewal may also be requested and the board shall furnish such reasons before the hearing in writing.
118.24(8)
(8) Personnel administrators and supervisors, curriculum administrators and assistants to such administrative personnel, when employed by the school board of any school district to perform administrative duties only, may be employed for a term that does not exceed 2 years. A contract for a term of 2 years may provide for one or more extensions of one year each.
Subsections (5) to
(7) are applicable to such persons when they are employed to perform administrative duties only.
118.24(9)
(9) Nothing in this section shall be construed:
118.24(9)(a)
(a) To prohibit the school board of any district from hiring part-time administrative personnel; or
118.24(9)(b)
(b) To prohibit the employment relations commission from making a determination that persons hired as part-time administrative personnel shall be included in the collective bargaining unit of persons hired as teachers and shall be covered by the terms of a collective bargaining agreement which exists pursuant to
s. 111.70.
118.24 Annotation
The school board and district under sub. (3) can require a principal to perform administrative responsibilities as long as their performance does not modify the terms of an employment contract. Kabes v. School District of River Falls, 2004 WI App 55,
270 Wis. 2d 502,
677 N.W.2d 667,
03-0522.
118.24 Annotation
The statutes do not support the existence of a school principal's property interest in performing specific duties. Ulichny v. Merton Community School District,
93 F. Supp. 2d 1011 (2000). Affirmed.
249 F.3d 686 (2001).
118.24 Annotation
Due process does not require that an outside decisionmaker conduct the hearing provided for under sub. (7). Beischel v. Stone Bank School District,
362 F. 3d 430 (2004).
118.245
118.245
Limitation on salary and fringe benefit costs for professional employees. 118.245(1)(a)
(a) "Nonrepresented professional employee" means an employee who is a professional employee as defined in
s. 111.70 (1) (L), who is employed to perform services for a school district and whose position is not included in a collective bargaining unit for which a representative is recognized or certified under
subch. IV of ch. 111.
118.245(1)(b)
(b) "Represented professional employee" has the meaning given for "school district professional employee" in
s. 111.70 (1) (ne).
118.245(3)
(3) No school district may provide to its nonrepresented professional employees for any 12-month period ending on June 30 an average increase for all such employees in the total cost to the school district of compensation and fringe benefits for such employees having an average cost per employee exceeding 3.8% of the average total cost per employee of compensation and fringe benefits provided by the school district to its nonrepresented professional employees for the preceding 12-month period ending on June 30 or the average total percentage increased cost per employee of compensation and fringe benefits provided to its represented professional employees during the 12-month period ending on June 30 preceding the date that the increase becomes effective, whichever is greater. For purposes of this subsection, the average total percentage increased cost per employee of the compensation provided by a school district to its represented professional employees shall be determined in accordance with the method prescribed by the employment relations commission under
s. 111.70 (4) (cm) 8s.
118.245(4)
(4) For purposes of determination of the increased cost of any fringe benefits or compensation provided to a nonrepresented professional employee or represented professional employee, any cost increase that is incurred on any day other than the beginning of a 12-month period under
sub. (3) shall be calculated as if the cost increase were incurred as of the beginning of the 12-month period.
118.245 History
History: 1993 a. 16;
1995 a. 27;
1999 a. 9.
118.25
118.25
Health examinations. 118.25(1)(1) In this section "school employee" means a person employed by a school board who comes in contact with children or who handles or prepares food for children while they are under the supervision of school authorities.
118.25(2)(a)(a) As a condition of employment, the school board, except in 1st class cities, shall require a physical examination, including a chest X-ray or tuberculin test, of every school employee of the school district. Freedom from tuberculosis in a communicable form is a condition of employment. In the case of a new school employee, the school board may permit the school employee to submit proof of an examination, chest X-ray or tuberculin test complying with this section which was taken within the past 90 days in lieu of requiring such examination, X-ray or test. If the reaction to the tuberculin test is positive, a chest X-ray shall be required. Additional physical examinations shall be required thereafter at intervals determined by the school board. The school employee shall be examined by a physician in the employ of or under contract with the school district, but if a physician is not employed or under contract, the examination shall be made by a physician selected by the school employee.
118.25(2)(b)
(b) Such physical examinations, chest X-rays or tuberculin tests shall not be required of any school employee who files with the school board an affidavit setting forth that the employee depends exclusively upon prayer or spiritual means for healing in accordance with the teachings of a bona fide religious sect, denomination or organization and that the employee is to the best of the employee's knowledge and belief in good health and that the employee claims exemption from health examination on these grounds. Notwithstanding the filing of such affidavit, if there is reasonable cause to believe that such employee is suffering from an illness detrimental to the health of the pupils, the school board may require a health examination of such school employee sufficient to indicate whether or not such school employee is suffering from such an illness. No school employee may be discriminated against by reason of the employee's filing such affidavit.
118.25(2)(c)
(c) The physician making a physical examination shall prepare a report of the examination upon a standard form prepared by the department of health and family services and the department. Such report shall be retained in the physician's files and the physician shall make confidential recommendations therefrom to the school board and to the school employee on a form prepared by the department of health and family services and the department. The recommendation form shall contain space for a certificate that the person is free from tuberculosis in a communicable form. The cost of such examinations, including X-rays and tuberculin tests, shall be paid out of school district funds.
118.25(3)
(3) In counties having a population of less than 500,000, the school board may require periodic health examinations of pupils by physicians, under the supervision of local health departments and the department of health and family services, and may pay the cost of the examinations out of school district funds.
118.25(4)
(4) If a health or physical examination made under this section includes the testing of vision, such test may be made by an optometrist. Forms used for reporting such vision tests shall so indicate.
118.25(5)
(5) As a condition of employment, special teachers, school psychologists, school social workers, cooperative educational service agency personnel and other personnel working in public schools shall have physical examinations under
sub. (2). The employing school district or agency shall pay the cost of such examinations.
118.25(6)
(6) As a condition of employment, employees of the state superintendent whose work brings them into contact with school children or with school employees shall have physical examinations under
sub. (2).
118.255
118.255
Health treatment services for children with special physical or mental health treatment needs. 118.255(1)(a)
(a) Under this section "physical or mental health treatment services" means treatment for physical or orthopedic disability, developmental disability, emotional disturbance, hearing impairment, visual disability, speech or language disability; and includes itinerant services such as evaluative and diagnostic services.
118.255(1)(b)
(b) Words and phrases used in this section which are identical to words and phrases defined in
s. 115.76 shall be given the meaning contained in
s. 115.76.
118.255(2)(a)(a) If a school board, cooperative educational service agency or county children with disabilities education board provides physical or mental health treatment services to its pupils, it may also provide such services within the private school facilities to those private school pupils who are referred to the public school board, cooperative educational service agency or county children with disabilities education board by the administrator of a private school for evaluation for possible servicing. There shall be no charge for health treatment services provided to any pupils unless public school students or their parents are charged for similar services. For purposes of state aid, as it is provided under
s. 115.88 to the public school district, for the health treatment service program, private school pupils receiving such health treatment services shall be counted among the pupils of the public school district receiving such services, although each child may receive health treatment services within the child's own school facilities, whether public or private.
118.255(2)(b)
(b) A school board, cooperative educational service agency, or county children with disabilities education board providing services under this section may enter into agreements with the administrator of a private school on the scheduling, space and other necessary arrangements for performance of such health treatment services. A school board, cooperative educational service agency or county children with disabilities education board shall not pay any private school for any services or facilities provided under this section. Control of the health treatment services program shall rest with the public school board, cooperative educational service agency or county children with disabilities education board.
118.255(2)(c)
(c) A school board, cooperative educational service agency or county children with disabilities education board may provide health treatment services only within private school facilities located within the boundaries of the school district, cooperative educational service agency or county.
118.255(3)
(3) The school board, cooperative educational service agency or county children with disabilities education board maintaining health treatment services shall report annually to the department, and at such other times as the department directs, such information as the department requires.
118.255(4)
(4) If the state superintendent is satisfied that the health treatment services program has been maintained during the preceding school year in accordance with law, the state superintendent shall certify to the department of administration in favor of each school board, cooperative educational service agency and county children with disabilities education board maintaining such health treatment services, an amount equal to the amount expended for items listed in
s. 115.88 (1m) by the school board, cooperative educational service agency and county children with disabilities education board during the preceding year for these health treatment services as costs eligible for reimbursement from the appropriation under
s. 20.255 (2) (b).
118.255 Annotation
This section authorizes local school districts to provide health and welfare services, but not educational services, to students attending private schools; it may be unconstitutional to the extent that any of the services authorized thereby are rendered in church-affiliated private schools. 64 Atty. Gen. 75.
118.257
118.257
Liability for referral to police. 118.257(1)(c)
(c) "Pupil services professional" means a school counselor, school social worker, school psychologist or school nurse.
118.257(1)(d)
(d) "School" means a public, parochial or private school which provides an educational program for one or more grades between grades 1 and 12 and which is commonly known as an elementary school, middle school, junior high school, senior high school or high school.
118.257(2)
(2) A school administrator, principal, pupil services professional or teacher employed by a school board is not liable for referring a pupil enrolled in the school district to law enforcement authorities, or for removing a pupil from the school premises or from participation in a school-sponsored activity, for suspicion of possession, distribution, delivery or consumption of an alcohol beverage or a controlled substance or controlled substance analog.
118.258
118.258
Electronic communication devices prohibited. 118.258(1)(1) Each school board shall adopt rules prohibiting a pupil from using or possessing an electronic paging or 2-way communication device while on premises owned or rented by or under the control of a public school. The rules may allow for the use or possession of such a device by a pupil if the school board or its designee determines that the device is used or possessed for a medical, school, educational, vocational or other legitimate use.
118.258(2)(a)(a) Annually, the school board shall provide each pupil enrolled in the school district with a copy of the rules under
sub. (1).
118.258(2)(b)
(b) The school board shall submit a copy of the rules under
sub. (1) to the state superintendent when the rule is first adopted and whenever the rule is amended.
118.26
118.26
Claim against school district. No action may be brought or maintained against a school district upon a claim or cause of action unless the claimant complies with
s. 893.80. This section does not apply to actions commenced under
s. 19.37,
19.97 or
281.99.
