943.13(1e)(b)
(b) "Inholding" means a parcel of land that is private property and that is surrounded completely by land owned by the United States, by this state or by a local governmental unit or any combination of the United States, this state and a local governmental unit.
943.13(1e)(c)
(c) "Local governmental unit" means a political subdivision of this state, a special purpose district in this state, an instrumentality or corporation of the political subdivision or special purpose district or a combination or subunit of any of the foregoing.
943.13(1e)(e)
(e) "Private property" means real property that is not owned by the United States, this state or a local governmental unit.
943.13(1e)(f)
(f) "Open land" means land that meets all of the following criteria:
943.13(1e)(f)1.
1. The land is not occupied by a structure or improvement being used or occupied as a dwelling unit.
943.13(1e)(f)2.
2. The land is not part of the curtilage, or is not lying in the immediate vicinity, of a structure or improvement being used or occupied as a dwelling unit.
943.13(1m)
(1m) Whoever does any of the following is subject to a Class B forfeiture:
943.13(1m)(a)
(a) Enters any enclosed, cultivated or undeveloped land of another, other than open land specified in
par. (e) or
(f), without the express or implied consent of the owner or occupant.
943.13(1m)(am)
(am) Enters any land of another that is occupied by a structure used for agricultural purposes without the express or implied consent of the owner or occupant.
943.13(1m)(b)
(b) Enters or remains on any land of another after having been notified by the owner or occupant not to enter or remain on the premises.
943.13(1m)(e)
(e) Enters or remains on open land that is an inholding of another after having been notified by the owner or occupant not to enter or remain on the land.
943.13(1m)(f)
(f) Enters undeveloped private land from an abutting parcel of land that is owned by the United States, this state or a local governmental unit, or remains on such land, after having been notified by the owner or occupant not to enter or remain on the land.
943.13(1s)
(1s) In determining whether a person has implied consent to enter the land of another a trier of fact shall consider all of the circumstances existing at the time the person entered the land, including all of the following:
943.13(1s)(a)
(a) Whether the owner or occupant acquiesced to previous entries by the person or by other persons under similar circumstances.
943.13(1s)(b)
(b) The customary use, if any, of the land by other persons.
943.13(1s)(c)
(c) Whether the owner or occupant represented to the public that the land may be entered for particular purposes.
943.13(1s)(d)
(d) The general arrangement or design of any improvements or structures on the land.
943.13(2)
(2) A person has received notice from the owner or occupant within the meaning of
sub. (1m) (b),
(e) or
(f) if he or she has been notified personally, either orally or in writing, or if the land is posted. Land is considered to be posted under this subsection under either of the following procedures:
943.13(2)(a)
(a) If a sign at least 11 inches square is placed in at least 2 conspicuous places for every 40 acres to be protected. The sign must carry an appropriate notice and the name of the person giving the notice followed by the word "owner" if the person giving the notice is the holder of legal title to the land and by the word "occupant" if the person giving the notice is not the holder of legal title but is a lawful occupant of the land. Proof that appropriate signs as provided in this paragraph were erected or in existence upon the premises to be protected prior to the event complained of shall be prima facie proof that the premises to be protected were posted as provided in this paragraph.
943.13(2)(b)
(b) If markings at least one foot long, including in a contrasting color the phrase "private land" and the name of the owner, are made in at least 2 conspicuous places for every 40 acres to be protected.
943.13(3)
(3) Whoever erects on the land of another signs which are the same as or similar to those described in
sub. (2) without obtaining the express consent of the lawful occupant of or holder of legal title to such land is subject to a Class C forfeiture.
943.13(3m)
(3m) An owner or occupant may give express consent to enter or remain on the land for a specified purpose or subject to specified conditions and it is a violation of
sub. (1m) (a) or
(am) for a person who received that consent to enter or remain on the land for another purpose or contrary to the specified conditions.
943.13(4)
(4) Nothing in this section shall prohibit a representative of a labor union from conferring with any employee provided such conference is conducted in the living quarters of the employee and with the consent of the employee occupants.
943.13(4m)
(4m) This section does not apply to any of the following:
943.13(4m)(a)
(a) A person entering the land, other than the residence or other buildings or the curtilage of the residence or other buildings, of another for the purpose of removing a wild animal as authorized under
s. 29.885 (2),
(3) or
(4).
943.13(4m)(c)
(c) A person entering or remaining on any exposed shore area of a stream as authorized under
s. 30.134.
943.13(5)
(5) Any authorized occupant of employer-provided housing shall have the right to decide who may enter, confer and visit with the occupant in the housing area the occupant occupies.
943.13 Annotation
The arrest of abortion protesters trespassing at a clinic did not violate their free speech rights. State v. Horn,
139 Wis. 2d 473,
407 N.W.2d 854 (1987).
943.13 Annotation
Administrative code provisions requiring hunters to make reasonable efforts to retrieve game birds killed or injured do not exempt a person from criminal prosecution under sub. (1) (b) for trespassing upon posted lands to retrieve birds shot from outside the posted area. 64 Atty. Gen. 204.
943.14
943.14
Criminal trespass to dwellings. Whoever intentionally enters the dwelling of another without the consent of some person lawfully upon the premises, under circumstances tending to create or provoke a breach of the peace, is guilty of a Class A misdemeanor.
943.14 History
History: 1977 c. 173.
943.14 Annotation
Criminal trespass to a dwelling is not a lesser included offense of burglary. Raymond v. State,
55 Wis. 2d 482,
198 N.W.2d 351 (1972).
943.14 Annotation
Regardless of any ownership rights in the property, if a person enters a dwelling that is another's residence, without consent, this section is violated. State v. Carls,
186 Wis. 2d 533,
516 N.W.2d 533 (Ct. App. 1994).
943.14 Annotation
Entering an outbuilding accessory to a main house may be a violation. 62 Atty. Gen. 16.
943.145
943.145
Criminal trespass to a medical facility. 943.145(1)
(1) In this section, "medical facility" means a hospital under
s. 50.33 (2) or a clinic or office that is used by a physician licensed under
ch. 448 and that is subject to rules promulgated by the medical examining board for the clinic or office that are in effect on November 20, 1985.
943.145(2)
(2) Whoever intentionally enters a medical facility without the consent of some person lawfully upon the premises, under circumstances tending to create or provoke a breach of the peace, is guilty of a Class B misdemeanor.
943.145(3)
(3) This section does not prohibit any person from participating in lawful conduct in labor disputes under
s. 103.53.
943.145 History
History: 1985 a. 56.
943.15
943.15
Entry onto a construction site or into a locked building, dwelling or room. 943.15(1)
(1) Whoever enters the locked or posted construction site or the locked and enclosed building, dwelling or room of another without the consent of the owner or person in lawful possession of the premises is guilty of a Class A misdemeanor.
943.15(2)(a)
(a) "Construction site" means the site of the construction, alteration, painting or repair of a building, structure or other work.
943.15(2)(b)
(b) "Owner or person in lawful possession of the premises" includes a person on whose behalf a building or dwelling is being constructed, altered, painted or repaired and the general contractor or subcontractor engaged in that work.
943.15(2)(c)
(c) "Posted" means that a sign at least 11 inches square must be placed in at least 2 conspicuous places for every 40 acres to be protected. The sign must carry an appropriate notice and the name of the person giving the notice followed by the word "owner" if the person giving the notice is the holder of legal title to the land on which the construction site is located and by the word "occupant" if the person giving the notice is not the holder of legal title but is a lawful occupant of the land.
943.15 History
History: 1981 c. 68.
MISAPPROPRIATION
943.20(1)(1)
Acts. Whoever does any of the following may be penalized as provided in
sub. (3):
943.20(1)(a)
(a) Intentionally takes and carries away, uses, transfers, conceals, or retains possession of movable property of another without the other's consent and with intent to deprive the owner permanently of possession of such property.
943.20(1)(b)
(b) By virtue of his or her office, business or employment, or as trustee or bailee, having possession or custody of money or of a negotiable security, instrument, paper or other negotiable writing of another, intentionally uses, transfers, conceals, or retains possession of such money, security, instrument, paper or writing without the owner's consent, contrary to his or her authority, and with intent to convert to his or her own use or to the use of any other person except the owner. A refusal to deliver any money or a negotiable security, instrument, paper or other negotiable writing, which is in his or her possession or custody by virtue of his or her office, business or employment, or as trustee or bailee, upon demand of the person entitled to receive it, or as required by law, is prima facie evidence of an intent to convert to his or her own use within the meaning of this paragraph.
943.20(1)(c)
(c) Having a legal interest in movable property, intentionally and without consent, takes such property out of the possession of a pledgee or other person having a superior right of possession, with intent thereby to deprive the pledgee or other person permanently of the possession of such property.
943.20(1)(d)
(d) Obtains title to property of another person by intentionally deceiving the person with a false representation which is known to be false, made with intent to defraud, and which does defraud the person to whom it is made. "False representation" includes a promise made with intent not to perform it if it is a part of a false and fraudulent scheme.
943.20(1)(e)
(e) Intentionally fails to return any personal property which is in his or her possession or under his or her control by virtue of a written lease or written rental agreement after the lease or rental agreement has expired. This paragraph does not apply to a person who returns personal property, except a motor vehicle, which is in his or her possession or under his or her control by virtue of a written lease or written rental agreement, within 10 days after the lease or rental agreement expires.
943.20(2)(a)
(a) "Movable property" is property whose physical location can be changed, without limitation including electricity and gas, documents which represent or embody intangible rights, and things growing on, affixed to or found in land.
943.20(2)(b)
(b) "Property" means all forms of tangible property, whether real or personal, without limitation including electricity, gas and documents which represent or embody a chose in action or other intangible rights.
943.20(2)(c)
(c) "Property of another" includes property in which the actor is a co-owner and property of a partnership of which the actor is a member, unless the actor and the victim are husband and wife.
943.20(2)(d)
(d) "Value" means the market value at the time of the theft or the cost to the victim of replacing the property within a reasonable time after the theft, whichever is less, but if the property stolen is a document evidencing a chose in action or other intangible right, value means either the market value of the chose in action or other right or the intrinsic value of the document, whichever is greater. If the thief gave consideration for, or had a legal interest in, the stolen property, the amount of such consideration or value of such interest shall be deducted from the total value of the property.
943.20(3)(a)
(a) If the value of the property does not exceed $2,500, is guilty of a Class A misdemeanor.
943.20(3)(bf)
(bf) If the value of the property exceeds $2,500 but does not exceed $5,000, is guilty of a Class I felony.
943.20(3)(bm)
(bm) If the value of the property exceeds $5,000 but does not exceed $10,000, is guilty of a Class H felony.
943.20(3)(c)
(c) If the value of the property exceeds $10,000, is guilty of a Class G felony.
943.20(3)(d)
(d) If any of the following circumstances exists, is guilty of a Class H felony:
943.20(3)(d)3.
3. The property is taken from a building which has been destroyed or left unoccupied because of physical disaster, riot, bombing or the proximity of battle.
943.20(3)(d)4.
4. The property is taken after physical disaster, riot, bombing or the proximity of battle has necessitated its removal from a building.
943.20(3)(d)6.
6. The property is taken from a patient or resident of a facility or program under
s. 940.295 (2) or from a vulnerable adult.
943.20(3)(e)
(e) If the property is taken from the person of another or from a corpse, is guilty of a Class G felony.
943.20(4)
(4) Use of photographs as evidence. In any action or proceeding for a violation of
sub. (1), a party may use duly identified and authenticated photographs of property which was the subject of the violation in lieu of producing the property.
943.20 Cross-reference
Cross-reference: Misappropriation of funds by contractor or subcontractor as theft, see s.
779.02 (5).
943.20 Annotation
If one person takes property from the person of another, and a 2nd person carries it away, the evidence may show a theft from the person under subs. (1) (a) and (3) (d) 2., either on a theory of conspiracy or of complicity. Hawpetoss v. State,
52 Wis. 2d 71,
187 N.W.2d 823 (1971).
943.20 Annotation
Attempted theft by false representation (signing another's name to a car purchase contract) is not an included crime of forgery (signing the owner's name to a car title to be traded in). State v. Fuller,
57 Wis. 2d 408,
204 N.W.2d 452 (1973).
943.20 Annotation
Under sub. (1) (d), it is not necessary that the person who parts with property be induced to do so by a false and fraudulent scheme; the person must be deceived by a false representation that is part of such a scheme. Schneider v. State,
60 Wis. 2d 765,
211 N.W.2d 511 (1973).
943.20 Annotation
In abolishing the action for breach of promise to marry, the legislature did not sanction either civil or criminal fraud by the breaching party against the property of a duped victim. Restrictions on civil actions for fraud are not applicable to related criminal actions. Lambert v. State,
73 Wis. 2d 590,
243 N.W.2d 524 (1976).
