Chapter 348

348.27(18)(a)1.b. b. Vegetables.

348.27(18)(a)1.c. c. Grain, including distillers’ grain.

348.27(18)(a)1.d. d. Live livestock, as defined in s. 95.51 (1), feed for livestock, or nutritional supplements for livestock.

348.27(18)(a)1.e. e. Fish or minnows.

348.27(18)(a)1.f. f. Hemp, as defined in s. 94.67 (15c).

348.27(18)(a)2. 2. “Agricultural product” does not include liquid milk or liquid milk by-products, manure or animal waste, or raw forest products:

348.27(18)(b) (b) Subject to par. (c), the department may issue annual or consecutive month permits for the transportation of agricultural products in vehicles or vehicle combinations that have 6 or more axles and that exceed the maximum gross weight limitations under s. 348.15 (3) (c) if the vehicle or vehicle combination does not exceed the maximum gross weight limitations under s. 348.295. Notwithstanding s. 348.15 (8), any axle of a vehicle or vehicle combination that does not impose on the highway at least 8 percent of the gross weight of the vehicle or vehicle combination may not be counted as an axle for the purposes of this paragraph. A permit issued under this subsection does not authorize the operation of any vehicle or vehicle combination at a maximum gross weight in excess of 90,000 pounds.

348.27(18)(c) (c) A permit under this subsection is valid only for the transportation of agricultural products to a farm or from a field or farm to a storage facility on the farmer’s owned or leased land, a facility for initial storage that is not on the farmer’s owned or leased land, or a facility for initial processing.

348.27(18)(d) (d) If the roads desired to be used by an applicant for a permit under this subsection involve highways other than those within the state trunk highway system, the application shall be accompanied by a written statement of route approval by the officer in charge of maintenance of the other highway.

348.27(18)(e) (e) A permit under this subsection is not valid on any interstate highway designated under s. 84.29 (2) except to the extent allowed by federal law without any loss or reduction of federal aid or other sanction.

348.27(19) (19) No-fee permits for implements of husbandry and agricultural commercial motor vehicles that exceed length or weight limitations.

348.27(19)(a) (a) In this subsection, “maintaining authority” means the following:

348.27(19)(a)1. 1. The department or its designee, with respect to state trunk highways and bridges crossing over state trunk highways.

348.27(19)(a)2. 2. The municipality or county responsible for maintenance of the highway or its designee, with respect to any highway that is not a state trunk highway, including any connecting highway. This subdivision does not apply to any bridge crossing over a state trunk highway.

348.27(19)(b) (b)

348.27(19)(b)1. 1. Subject to subds. 3. and 5. b. and par. (c), a person may apply to the maintaining authority of a highway for an annual or consecutive month, no-fee permit to operate an implement of husbandry or agricultural commercial motor vehicle that exceeds limitations on length or weight, or both, imposed by this chapter. Subject to subds. 3. and 5. b. and par. (c), a person may also apply to the maintaining authority of a highway for an annual or consecutive month, no-fee permit to operate a 2-vehicle combination transporting by trailer or semitrailer an implement of husbandry or agricultural commercial motor vehicle that exceeds limitations on length or weight, or both, imposed by this chapter and that is being transported on the highway to or from a farm-related destination. Upon receiving a complete application for a no-fee permit under this subsection, the maintaining authority shall provide the applicant with a final decision on the application within 3 weeks of its receipt. If the maintaining authority fails to approve or deny the application within this 3-week period, the application is considered approved until the applicant receives a denial meeting the requirements under subd. 4. or until 6 weeks from receipt of the application. If the maintaining authority fails to approve or deny the application within 6 weeks of its receipt, the application is approved.

348.27(19)(b)2. 2. Subject to subd. 3. and par. (c), any person to whom a no-fee permit has been issued under this subsection may, at any time, apply for an amendment to the permit to reflect a change in the applicant’s circumstances or information, including a change in the listing or map of highways to be traveled. Upon receiving a complete application for amendment under this subdivision, the maintaining authority shall provide the applicant with a decision on the application within 5 business days of its receipt. If the maintaining authority fails to approve or deny the application within this period of 5 business days, the application is considered approved until the applicant receives a denial meeting the requirements under subd. 4. or until 10 business days from receipt of the application. If the maintaining authority fails to approve or deny the application within 10 business days of its receipt, the application is approved. This subdivision does not apply if the permit is a resolution or ordinance adopted under subd. 5. This subdivision does not apply with respect to a replacement vehicle as described in par. (c) 10.

348.27(19)(b)3. 3. Except as provided in subd. 5. b., an application under subd. 1. or 2. shall be made on the form prescribed by the department under par. (d) 1.

348.27(19)(b)4. 4. After receiving a complete permit application under subd. 1. or 2., if a maintaining authority denies the application, it shall notify the applicant in writing of the denial and the notice shall include a reasonable and structurally based explanation of the denial that relates to the preservation of the roadway.

348.27(19)(b)4m. 4m.

348.27(19)(b)4m.a. a. If a maintaining authority receives a complete permit application, or a complete application to amend a permit, for an implement of husbandry described in s. 340.01 (24) (a) 1. b. or for an agricultural commercial motor vehicle used as described in s. 340.01 (1o) (e) 1., the maintaining authority may not deny the application. However, the maintaining authority may modify the application to include an alternate route or map of highways other than those specified by the applicant under par. (c) 3. for operation or transportation of the implement of husbandry or agricultural commercial motor vehicle and shall approve the application.

348.27(19)(b)4m.b. b. For a maintaining authority under par. (a) 2., the alternate route or map of highways under subd. 4m. a. may include highways that are not under the jurisdiction of the maintaining authority issuing the permit only upon prior approval of the maintaining authority having jurisdiction over those highways, except that no prior approval is required with respect to a highway on which the implement of husbandry or agricultural commercial motor vehicle may be legally operated or transported without a permit or as authorized by a resolution or ordinance serving as a permit under subd. 5. b. For a maintaining authority under par. (a) 1., the alternate route or map of highways under subd. 4m. a. may not include highways that are not under the jurisdiction of the maintaining authority issuing the permit.

348.27(19)(b)5. 5.

348.27(19)(b)5.a. a. The governing body of a municipality or county may, by resolution or ordinance, authorize operation on any or all highways under the municipality’s or county’s jurisdiction of implements of husbandry and agricultural commercial motor vehicles that exceed limitations on length or weight, or both, imposed by this chapter. The governing body of a municipality or county may also, by resolution or ordinance, authorize operation on any or all highways under the municipality’s or county’s jurisdiction of 2-vehicle combinations transporting by trailer or semitrailer an implement of husbandry or agricultural commercial motor vehicle that exceeds limitations on length or weight, or both, imposed by this chapter and that is being transported to or from a farm-related destination. If the governing body of a municipality or county adopts a resolution or ordinance under this subd. 5. a., the resolution or ordinance shall be valid for at least one calendar year. For a resolution or ordinance under this subd. 5. a. to be effective in any calendar year, the resolution or ordinance must be adopted on or before November 30 of the prior year. No amendment to a resolution or ordinance is effective in a calendar year unless the amendment was adopted on or before November 30 of the prior year.

348.27(19)(b)5.b. b. If the governing body of a municipality or county adopts a resolution or ordinance under subd. 5. a., then subd. 3. and par. (c) 3. do not apply, no permit application is required, and the resolution or ordinance shall serve as the permit under this subsection. The governing body of the municipality or county shall make copies of the resolution or ordinance readily available to the public at multiple locations within the municipality or county.

348.27(19)(b)5.c. c. If the governing body of a municipality or county adopts a resolution or ordinance under subd. 5. a. that applies to fewer than all of the highways under the municipality’s or county’s jurisdiction or that authorizes operation or transportation of implements of husbandry and agricultural commercial motor vehicles but imposes conditions, restrictions, or limitations on this operation or transportation, then a person may apply for a permit under subd. 1. for operation or transportation of an implement of husbandry or agricultural commercial motor vehicle on any highway or under any circumstance not authorized by the resolution or ordinance.

348.27(19)(b)5.d. d. No later than January 20 of the year after it adopts or amends a resolution or ordinance under this subdivision, each municipality or county that adopts a resolution or ordinance under this subdivision shall forward to the department a copy of the resolution or ordinance, and the department shall publish the resolution or ordinance on the department’s Internet site.

348.27(19)(c) (c)

348.27(19)(c)1. 1. With respect to any highway under its jurisdiction, and as provided in subd. 8. and par. (b) 4m. b., a maintaining authority may issue an annual or consecutive month, no-fee permit authorizing operation on the highway of an implement of husbandry or agricultural commercial motor vehicle that exceeds limitations on length or weight, or both, imposed by this chapter if the applicable requirements of this subsection are satisfied.

348.27(19)(c)1m. 1m. With respect to any highway under its jurisdiction, and as provided in subd. 9. and par. (b) 4m. b., a maintaining authority may issue an annual or consecutive month, no-fee permit authorizing operation on the highway of a 2-vehicle combination transporting by trailer or semitrailer an implement of husbandry or agricultural commercial motor vehicle that exceeds limitations on length or weight, or both, imposed by this chapter and that is being transported to or from a farm-related destination, if the applicable requirements of this subsection are satisfied.

348.27(19)(c)2. 2. A no-fee permit issued under this subsection does not exempt any implement of husbandry or agricultural commercial motor vehicle from complying with all equipment and other requirements for an implement of husbandry or agricultural commercial motor vehicle specified in ch. 347.

348.27(19)(c)3. 3. Except as provided in par. (b) 5. b., an application for a no-fee permit under this subsection shall be accompanied by a listing or map of the highways that may potentially be traveled under authorization of the permit.

348.27(19)(c)4. 4. A no-fee permit issued under subd. 1. or 1m. is not valid on any highway that is a part of the national system of interstate and defense highways.

348.27(19)(c)5. 5. No fee may be charged for issuance or amendment of a permit under this subsection, or for any study, investigation, or other review in connection with an application for a permit or amendment of a permit under this subsection.

348.27(19)(c)6. 6. A maintaining authority under par. (a) 2. may issue permits under this subsection having a valid period that is longer than one year or for which there is no expiration.

348.27(19)(c)7. 7. Permits issued under this subsection by a maintaining authority under par. (a) 1., including amended permits for which an application has been approved under par. (b) 2., shall automatically renew each year unless there is a material change to any roadway for which the permit applies.

348.27(19)(c)8. 8. In addition to the authorization under subd. 1., a no-fee permit issued under this subsection authorizes an implement of husbandry or agricultural commercial motor vehicle being operated in compliance with the permit to cross any highway that intersects with a highway under the jurisdiction of the maintaining authority that issued the permit. This subdivision does not apply to a bridge crossing over a state trunk highway.

348.27(19)(c)9. 9. In addition to the authorization under subd. 1m., a no-fee permit issued under this subsection authorizes a 2-vehicle combination transporting an implement of husbandry or agricultural commercial motor vehicle in compliance with the permit to cross any highway that intersects with a highway under the jurisdiction of the maintaining authority that issued the permit. This subdivision does not apply to a bridge crossing over a state trunk highway.

348.27(19)(c)10. 10. If an implement of husbandry or agricultural commercial motor vehicle for which a permit has been issued under this subsection is removed from service or sold, the permit authorizes the permittee to operate or transport a replacement vehicle of equal or lesser axle weight and gross weight, or of equal or lesser length, for the remainder of the valid period of the permit. The original terms of the permit, including any requirements imposed by the maintaining authority for issuance of the permit, apply to the permittee’s operation or transportation of the replacement vehicle under the permit. If the replacement vehicle is of greater axle weight or gross weight, or of greater length, than that for which the permit was issued, the replacement vehicle may not be operated or transported under the permit and application must be made under par. (b) 1. and a new no-fee permit issued for the replacement vehicle before its operation or transportation is authorized.

348.27(19)(c)11. 11. If an application for a no-fee permit identifies multiple identical implements of husbandry or agricultural commercial motor vehicles to be operated on the same highways, as provided in par. (d) 1m., the maintaining authority shall issue a no-fee permit that identifies, and authorizes operation of, each implement of husbandry or agricultural commercial motor vehicle identified in the application. The permittee may make copies of the no-fee permit and, for purposes of s. 348.28, carry a copy of the permit, in lieu of the original, on any implement of husbandry or agricultural commercial motor vehicle identified in the no-fee permit.

348.27(19)(cm) (cm) If a no-fee permit is issued under this subsection authorizing a 2-vehicle combination to transport by trailer or semitrailer an implement of husbandry, the permit shall require the person transporting the implement of husbandry to comply with s. 347.24 (3) (b) 1. For purposes of this paragraph, the requirements under s. 347.24 (3) (b) 1. shall apply to an implement of husbandry being transported to the same extent as if the implement of husbandry were being operated.

348.27(19)(cr) (cr) If a no-fee permit is issued under this subsection authorizing a 2-vehicle combination to transport by trailer or semitrailer an agricultural commercial motor vehicle exceeding 8 feet 6 inches in total outside width, the permit shall require the person transporting the agricultural commercial motor vehicle to comply with s. 348.09 (3) (b).

348.27(19)(d) (d)

348.27(19)(d)1. 1. The department shall prescribe an application form for no-fee permits, and amendments to no-fee permits, under this subsection. Except with respect to permits under par. (b) 5. b., this form shall be used by each maintaining authority. Subject to subd. 1m., the application form shall require the applicant to provide, on the form or as an attachment, all of the following information:

348.27(19)(d)1.a. a. The applicant’s contact information.

348.27(19)(d)1.b. b. A listing or map of the highways that may potentially be traveled under authorization of the permit.

348.27(19)(d)1.c. c. Identification of the types of implements of husbandry or agricultural commercial motor vehicles for which the application is made; the length, number of axles, make, model, and estimated weight of the implements of husbandry or agricultural commercial motor vehicles; and the time of year and frequency that these implements of husbandry or agricultural commercial motor vehicles are expected to be operated on the highway.

348.27(19)(d)1.cm. cm. If the application is for operation of a 2-vehicle combination transporting by trailer or semitrailer an implement of husbandry or agricultural commercial motor vehicle, a description of the power unit and trailer or semitrailer of the 2-vehicle combination, including make, model, estimated vehicle weight, and vehicle registration number, if applicable.

348.27(19)(d)1.d. d. Changes to the original application when requesting an amendment to a previously issued no-fee permit.

348.27(19)(d)1.e. e. Any other information considered necessary by the department to determine the acceptability of the application.

348.27(19)(d)1m. 1m. The application form under subd. 1. for a no-fee permit shall provide the applicant an opportunity to identify, in one application, multiple identical vehicles or vehicle combinations constituting implements of husbandry or agricultural commercial motor vehicles for which application is made if each such implement of husbandry or agricultural motor vehicle will be operated on the same highways identified by the applicant under par. (c) 3.

348.27(19)(d)2. 2. The department shall prescribe a procedure for the submission of applications to the maintaining authority under par. (b) 1. and 2. The procedure shall allow an application to be submitted by mail, including certified mail, by electronic transmission, or in person, and shall include a method for accurately documenting the date of receipt of the application regardless of which delivery method is used.

348.27(19)(d)3. 3.

348.27(19)(d)3.a. a. Except as provided in subd. 3. b., c., d., and e., a maintaining authority shall keep confidential all information provided by an applicant for a permit under this subsection and this information is not open to public inspection, copying, or disclosure under s. 19.35.

348.27(19)(d)3.b. b. A maintaining authority described in par. (a) 2. shall disclose to the department, upon its request, information provided by an applicant for a permit under this subsection, but the department shall keep the information confidential, and this information is not open to public inspection, copying, or disclosure under s. 19.35.

348.27(19)(d)3.c. c. A maintaining authority shall, upon request, disclose to a law enforcement agency, for use only for law enforcement purposes, information provided by an applicant for a permit under this subsection.

348.27(19)(d)3.d. d. This subdivision does not prohibit a maintaining authority from disclosing on a permit under this subsection the information necessary to carry out the purpose of the permit.

348.27(19)(d)3.e. e. This subdivision does not prohibit a maintaining authority from disclosing information to the permit applicant or the applicant’s agent or from disclosing, in any court proceeding, information necessary for judicial review of the maintaining authority’s decision.

348.27(19)(d)4. 4. In making its initial determination on an application for a no-fee permit under this subsection, a municipality is not subject to the requirements under subch. V of ch. 19.

348.27(19)(e) (e)

348.27(19)(e)1. 1. In this paragraph, “adverse determination” means the denial of an application for issuance or amendment of a no-fee permit under this subsection.

348.27(19)(e)2. 2. Notwithstanding s. 348.25 (9), any person aggrieved by an adverse determination by a municipality or county may obtain review of the adverse determination in the manner provided in ch. 68 or as provided under an ordinance or resolution adopted under s. 68.16. However, review of the initial determination of the municipality or county, under s. 68.09 or 68.10 or under the equivalent provision of an ordinance or resolution adopted by a municipality under s. 68.16, shall be made by, respectively, the governing body of the municipality or the county highway committee of the county. Notwithstanding ss. 19.83 (1) and 19.85 (1), any deliberation or proceeding, at a meeting of the governing body of a municipality or county or any of its committees, related to review of an adverse determination shall be conducted in closed session, with the permit applicant and any agent of the applicant present for any evidentiary hearing or argument. The municipality or county shall keep confidential all information provided by or on behalf of the permit applicant during the proceeding and this information is not open to public inspection, copying, or disclosure under s. 19.35, except that this information may be included in the written decision provided to the permit applicant or applicant’s agent and may be disclosed in any court proceeding for judicial review of the decision.

348.27(19)(e)3. 3. Any person aggrieved by an adverse determination by the department may petition as provided in s. 348.25 (9).

348.27(20) (20) Transportation of certain fluid milk products.

348.27(20)(a) (a) In this subsection, “fluid milk product” includes raw milk and liquid milk products and byproducts, including liquid whey and whey byproducts.

348.27(20)(b) (b) Subject to par. (c), the department may issue annual or consecutive month permits for the transportation of fluid milk product to processing facilities in vehicle combinations that exceed the maximum gross weight limitations under s. 348.15 (3) (c) by not more than 18,000 pounds if the vehicle combination has 6 or more axles and the gross weight imposed on the highway by the wheels of any one axle of the vehicle combination does not exceed 18,000 pounds, except that the gross weight imposed on the highway by the wheels of any steering axle on the power unit may not exceed the greater of 13,000 pounds or the manufacturer’s rated capacity, but not to exceed 18,000 pounds. Notwithstanding s. 348.15 (8), any axle of a vehicle combination that does not impose on the highway at least 8 percent of the gross weight of the vehicle combination may not be counted as an axle for the purposes of this paragraph. A permit issued under this subsection does not authorize the operation of any vehicle combination at a maximum gross weight in excess of 98,000 pounds. This paragraph does not apply on any highway that is a part of the national system of interstate and defense highways.

348.27(20)(c) (c) The department may not differentiate between types of fluid milk product in imposing conditions for permits under this subsection.

348.27(20)(d) (d)

348.27(20)(d)1. 1. The department shall suspend a permit issued under par. (b) if the person operating under the permit does any of the following:

348.27(20)(d)1.a. a. Violates any weight limitation specified in the permit more than 2 times during the valid period of the permit.

348.27(20)(d)1.b. b. Violates any weight limitation specified in the permit by exceeding the weight limitation by 10,000 or more pounds.

348.27(20)(d)2. 2. A suspension under subd. 1. shall be for a period of 6 months. If the remaining valid period of the permit at the time of the suspension is less than 6 months, the person may not apply for, or operate under, any other permit issued under par. (b) for a period of 6 months from the suspension.

348.27 History History: 1973 c. 157, 316; 1973 c. 333 s. 190m; 1973 c. 336; 1975 c. 25, 285; 1977 c. 29 ss. 1488m, 1654 (8) (a); 1977 c. 30 s. 5; 1977 c. 191, 197, 272, 273, 418; 1979 c. 34, 315, 326; 1981 c. 20, 69, 163, 215, 391; 1983 a. 78 ss. 32 to 35, 37; 1983 a. 529; 1985 a. 29 s. 3202 (3); 1985 a. 202, 212; 1987 a. 27; 1989 a. 31, 35, 130, 305; 1991 a. 258; 1993 a. 62, 439; 1995 a. 113, 163, 227, 347, 348; 1997 a. 27, 35, 237; 1999 a. 85; 2001 a. 16; 2003 a. 210, 241; 2005 a. 119, 167, 250; 2007 a. 11, 16, 171; 2009 a. 28, 222, 229; 2011 a. 20, 32, 53, 55, 56, 58, 59, 117, 243; 2013 a. 20, 34, 48; 2013 a. 165 ss. 76, 114; 2013 a. 216, 377; 2015 a. 15, 55, 232, 360; 2017 a. 21, 59, 100, 299; 2019 a. 68, 146; 2021 a. 171; 2023 a. 156, 158.

348.27 Cross-reference Cross-reference: See also chs. Trans 230 and 250, Wis. adm. code.

348.27 Annotation That the Department of Transportation issues, denies, suspends, and revokes permits under this section does not deny a sheriff deputy’s authority to issue a citation for a violation of this section. County of Milwaukee v. Superior of Wisconsin, Inc., 2000 WI App 75, 234 Wis. 2d 218, 610 N.W.2d 484, 98-2851.

348.27 Annotation Municipalities do not have the authority to regulate, by permit or license, vehicles that have been issued permits by the Department of Transportation under sub. (9r). OAG 1-18.

348.28 348.28 Permits to be carried.

348.28(1) (1) 

348.28(1)(a) (a) Permits issued under ss. 348.25, 348.26 and 348.27, other than a permit described in s. 348.27 (19) (b) 5. b., shall be carried on the vehicle during operations so permitted.

348.28(1)(b) (b) Permits issued under s. 348.27 (19) that are required to be carried on the vehicle under par. (a) may be carried and produced in either printed or electronic format, including by display of electronic images on a cellular telephone or other electronic device. If the permit is displayed in electronic format on any cellular telephone or other electronic device, a traffic officer or inspector under s. 110.07 (3) may not view, and producing the permit in electronic format is not considered consent for the traffic officer or inspector to view, any content on the telephone or other device except the permit.

348.28(2) (2) Any person violating this section may be required to forfeit not less than $10 nor more than $20 for the first offense and not less than $25 nor more than $50 for the 2nd and each subsequent conviction within one year.

348.28 History History: 1971 c. 278; 1985 a. 202 s. 37; 2005 a. 250; 2007 a. 171; 2011 a. 55, 56, 58, 243; 2013 a. 377; 2017 a. 59.

348.29 348.29 Weight limitations for certain permits. Notwithstanding s. 348.15 (3) (c), for any vehicle or vehicle combination operating under a permit issued under s. 348.26 (8) or 348.27 (17), the gross weight imposed on the highway by any group of 6 or more consecutive axles of a vehicle or combination of vehicles may not exceed the maximum gross weights in the following table for each of the respective distances between axles and the respective numbers of axles of a group: [See Figure 348.29 following]

348.29 History History: 2011 a. 55.

348.295 348.295 Weight limitations for certain permits. Notwithstanding s. 348.15 (3) (c), for any vehicle or vehicle combination operating under a permit issued under s. 348.27 (18), the gross weight imposed on the highway by any group of 6 or more consecutive axles of a vehicle or combination of vehicles may not exceed the maximum gross weights in the following table for each of the respective distances between axles and the respective numbers of axles of a group: [See Figure 348.295 following]

348.295 History History: 2011 a. 56 s. 9; 2013 a. 165 s. 114.