895.46 Annotation Sub. (1) does not prevent a state official from asserting "good faith" as a defense to a charge of infringement of civil rights. Clarke v. Cady, 358 F. Supp. 1156.
895.46 Annotation The purpose of this section is not to transform any suit against a state employee into a suit against state, but to shield state employees from monetary loss in tort suits. Ware v. Percy, 468 F. Supp. 1266 (1979).
895.46 Annotation A county could not be held liable for a civil rights judgment against a county judge where the judgment found that the judge was not carrying out duties of the office at the relevant time. Harris v. County of Racine, 512 F. Supp. 1273 (1981).
895.46 Annotation If an employee is part of an inter-municipal team under s. 66.305, the agency requesting the team's services is the de facto employer for purposes of indemnification under this section. Leibenstein v. Crowe, 826 F. Supp. 1174 (1992).
895.46 Annotation A sheriff represents the county when enforcing the law. Sovereign immunity for state officials under the 11th amendment to the U.S. constitution does not apply. Abraham v. Piechowski, 13 F. Supp.2d 1023 (1998).
895.47 895.47 Indemnification of the Wisconsin State Agencies Building Corporation and the Wisconsin State Public Building Corporation. If the Wisconsin State Agencies Building Corporation or the Wisconsin State Public Building Corporation is the defendant in an action or special proceeding in its capacity as owner of facilities occupied by any department or agents of any department of state government, the judgment as to damages and costs shall be paid by the state from the appropriation made under s. 20.865 (1) (fm). The state, when it does not provide legal counsel to the defendant, its members, officers or employees, shall pay reasonable attorney fees and costs of defending the action regardless of the results of the litigation, unless the court or jury finds that the member, officer or employee did not act within the scope of that person's employment. Failure by the defendant to give notice to the department of justice of an action or special proceeding commenced against it, its members, officers or employees as soon as reasonably possible shall bar recovery by the defendant, its members, officers or employees from the state under this section. Attorney fees and expenses may not be recovered if the state offers the member, officer or employee legal counsel and the offer is refused.
895.47 History History: 1977 c. 344, 447.
895.48 895.48 Civil liability exemption; emergency care, athletic events health care, hazardous substances and information concerning paternity.
895.48(1) (1) Any person who renders emergency care at the scene of any emergency or accident in good faith shall be immune from civil liability for his or her acts or omissions in rendering such emergency care. This immunity does not extend when employees trained in health care or health care professionals render emergency care for compensation and within the scope of their usual and customary employment or practice at a hospital or other institution equipped with hospital facilities, at the scene of any emergency or accident, enroute to a hospital or other institution equipped with hospital facilities or at a physician's office.
895.48(1m) (1m) Any physician or athletic trainer licensed under ch. 448, chiropractor licensed under ch. 446, dentist licensed under ch. 447, emergency medical technician licensed under s. 146.50, first responder certified under s. 146.50 (8), physician assistant licensed under ch. 448, registered nurse licensed under ch. 441 or a massage therapist or bodyworker issued a license of registration under subch. XI of ch. 440 who renders voluntary health care to a participant in an athletic event or contest sponsored by a nonprofit corporation, as defined in s. 46.93 (1m) (c), a private school, as defined in s. 115.001 (3r), a public agency, as defined in s. 46.93 (1m) (e), or a school, as defined in s. 609.655 (1) (c), is immune from civil liability for his or her acts or omissions in rendering that care if all of the following conditions exist:
895.48(1m)(a) (a) The health care is rendered at the site of the event or contest, during transportation to a health care facility from the event or contest, or in a locker room or similar facility immediately before, during or immediately after the event or contest.
895.48(1m)(b) (b) The physician, athletic trainer, chiropractor, dentist, emergency medical technician, first responder, physician assistant, registered nurse, massage therapist or bodyworker does not receive compensation for the health care, other than reimbursement for expenses.
895.48(2) (2)
895.48(2)(a)(a) In this subsection:
895.48(2)(a)1. 1. "Discharge" has the meaning given under s. 292.01 (3).
895.48(2)(a)2. 2. "Hazardous substance" has the meaning given under s. 299.01 (6).
895.48(2)(a)3. 3. "Hazardous substance prediction" means any declaration or estimate of the likely spread or impact of an actual discharge of a hazardous substance that is based on meteorological, mathematical, computer or similar models.
895.48(2)(a)4. 4. "Hazardous substance predictor" means any person who makes a hazardous substance prediction pursuant to a contract or agreement with a public agency or pursuant to a contract or agreement with a person who possesses or controls hazardous substances for the purpose of assisting that person in supplying a public agency with a hazardous substance prediction in the event of an actual discharge of a hazardous substance.
895.48(2)(b) (b) Any person is immune from civil liability for his or her good faith acts or omissions related to assistance or advice which the person provides relating to an emergency or a potential emergency regarding either of the following:
895.48(2)(b)1. 1. Mitigating or attempting to mitigate the effects of an actual or threatened discharge of a hazardous substance.
895.48(2)(b)2. 2. Preventing or cleaning up or attempting to prevent or clean up an actual or threatened discharge of a hazardous substance.
895.48(2)(c) (c) The immunity under par. (b) does not extend to any person:
895.48(2)(c)1. 1. Whose act or omission causes in whole or in part the actual or threatened discharge and who would otherwise be liable for the act or omission;
895.48(2)(c)2. 2. Who would be liable for the discharge under chs. 281 to 285 or 289 to 299, except s. 281.48, or any rule promulgated or permit or order issued under chs. 281 to 285 or 289 to 299, except s. 281.48;
895.48(2)(c)3. 3. Whose act or omission constitutes gross negligence or involves reckless, wanton or intentional misconduct; or
895.48(2)(c)4. 4. Who receives or expects to receive compensation, other than reimbursement for out-of-pocket expenses, for rendering the advice and assistance.
895.48(2)(d)1.1. Any hazardous substance predictor or any person who provides the technology to enable hazardous substance predictions to be made is immune from civil liability for his or her good faith acts or omissions in making that prediction or providing that technology.
895.48(2)(d)2. 2. The good faith of any hazardous substance predictor or any person who provides the technology to make a prediction is presumed in any civil action. Any person who asserts that the acts or omissions under subd. 1. were not made in good faith has the burden of proving that assertion by clear and convincing evidence.
895.48(2)(d)3. 3. The immunity under subd. 1. does not extend to any person described under par. (c) 1., 2. or 3.
895.48(3) (3) Any member of the staff of a hospital who is designated by the hospital and trained by the department of workforce development under s. 69.14 (1) (cm) and who in good faith provides to a child's available parents written information that is provided by the department of workforce development and oral information or an audio or video presentation about the form that is prescribed by the state registrar under s. 69.15 (3) (b) 3. and about the significance and benefits of, and alternatives to, establishing paternity, under the requirements of s. 69.14 (1) (cm), is immune from civil liability for his or her acts or omissions in providing that oral information or audio or video presentation and written information.
895.48(4) (4)
895.48(4)(a)(a) Any of the following who meets the applicable requirements of s. 146.50 (8g) and who acts within the applicable limitations of s. 146.50 (8g) is immune from civil liability for the acts or omissions of a person in rendering in good faith emergency care by use of a semiautomatic defibrillator under s. 146.50 (8g) to an individual who appears to be in cardiac arrest:
895.48(4)(a)1. 1. The person who renders the care.
895.48(4)(a)2. 2. The owner of the semiautomatic defibrillator, as specified in s. 146.50 (8g) (c).
895.48(4)(a)3. 3. The person who provides the semiautomatic defibrillator for use, as specified in s. 146.50 (8g) (c).
895.48(4)(a)4. 4. The provider of training required under s. 146.50 (8g) (b).
895.48(4)(b) (b) The immunity specified in par. (a) does not extend to any of the following:
895.48(4)(b)1. 1. A person whose act or omission resulting from the use or the provision for use of the semiautomatic defibrillator constitutes gross negligence.
895.48(4)(b)2. 2. A health care professional who renders emergency care for compensation and within the scope of his or her usual and customary employment or practice at a hospital or other institution equipped with hospital facilities, at the scene of an emergency or accident, enroute to a hospital or other institution equipped with hospital facilities or at a physician's office.
895.48 Annotation The "Good Samaritan" law is discussed. 67 Atty. Gen. 218.
895.48 Annotation Incidental benefits received by volunteer members of the National Ski Patrol in exchange for rendering emergency care to disabled skiers may result in a loss of civil liability immunity under the Good Samaritan law. 79 Atty. Gen. 194.
895.48 Annotation The Good Samaritan statute. 62 MLR 469 (1979).
895.481 895.481 Civil liability exemption; equine activities.
895.481(1)(1) In this section:
895.481(1)(a) (a) "Equine" means a donkey, hinny, horse, mule or pony.
895.481(1)(b) (b) "Equine activity" means any of the following:
895.481(1)(b)1. 1. Shows, fairs, competitions, performances or parades that involve any breeds of equines and any equine disciplines, including combined training, competitive trail riding, cutting, dressage, driving, endurance trail riding, English or western performance riding, grand prix jumping, horse racing, hunter and jumper shows, hunting, polo, pulling, rodeos, 3-day events and western games.
895.481(1)(b)2. 2. Equine training or teaching.
895.481(1)(b)3. 3. Boarding of equines.
895.481(1)(b)4. 4. Riding, inspecting or evaluating an equine belonging to another, regardless of whether the owner of the equine receives monetary or other consideration for the use of the equine or permits the riding, inspection or evaluation of the equine.
895.481(1)(b)5. 5. Riding, training or driving an equine or being a passenger on an equine.
895.481(1)(b)6. 6. Riding, training or driving a vehicle pulled by an equine or being a passenger on a vehicle pulled by an equine.
895.481(1)(b)7. 7. Assisting in the medical treatment of an equine.
895.481(1)(b)8. 8. Shoeing of an equine.
895.481(1)(b)9. 9. Assisting a person participating in an activity listed in subds. 1. to 8.
895.481(1)(c) (c) "Equine activity sponsor" means a person, whether operating for profit or nonprofit, who organizes or provides the facilities for an equine activity, including owners or operators of arenas, clubs, fairs, schools, stables and therapeutic riding programs.
895.481(1)(d) (d) "Equine professional" means a person engaged for compensation in the rental of equines or equine equipment or tack or in the instruction of a person in the riding or driving of an equine or in being a passenger upon an equine.
895.481(1)(e) (e) "Inherent risk of equine activities" means a danger or condition that is an integral part of equine activities, including all of the following:
895.481(1)(e)1. 1. The propensity of an equine to behave in a way that may result in injury or death to a person on or near it.
895.481(1)(e)2. 2. The unpredictability of an equine's reaction to a sound, movement or unfamiliar object, person or animal.
895.481(1)(e)3. 3. A collision with an object or another animal.
895.481(1)(e)4. 4. The potential for a person participating in an equine activity to act in a negligent manner, to fail to control the equine or to not act within his or her ability.
895.481(1)(e)5. 5. Natural hazards, including surface and subsurface conditions.
895.481(1)(f) (f) "Property" means real property and buildings, structures and improvements on the real property.
895.481(1)(g) (g) "Spectator" means a person who attends or watches an equine activity but does not participate in the equine activity or perform any act or omission related to the equine activity that contributes to the injury or death of a participant in the equine activity.
895.481(2) (2) Except as provided in subs. (3) and (6), a person, including an equine activity sponsor or an equine professional, is immune from civil liability for acts or omissions related to his or her participation in equine activities if a person participating in the equine activity is injured or killed as the result of an inherent risk of equine activities.
895.481(3) (3) The immunity under sub. (2) does not apply if the person seeking immunity does any of the following:
895.481(3)(a) (a) Provides equipment or tack that he or she knew or should have known was faulty and the faulty equipment or tack causes the injury or death.
895.481(3)(b) (b) Provides an equine to a person and fails to make a reasonable effort to determine the ability of the person to engage safely in an equine activity or to safely manage the particular equine provided based on the person's representations of his or her ability.
895.481(3)(c) (c) Fails to conspicuously post warning signs of a dangerous inconspicuous condition known to him or her on the property that he or she owns, leases, rents or is otherwise in lawful control of or possession.
895.481(3)(d) (d) Acts in a wilful or wanton disregard for the safety of the person.
895.481(3)(e) (e) Intentionally causes the injury or death.
895.481(3m) (3m) A person whose only involvement in an equine activity is as a spectator shall not be considered to be participating in the equine activity.
895.481(4) (4) Every equine professional shall post and maintain signs in a clearly visible location on or near stables, corrals or arenas owned, operated or controlled by the equine professional. The signs shall be white with black lettering, each letter a minimum of one inch in height, and shall contain the following notice: "Notice: A person who is engaged for compensation in the rental of equines or equine equipment or tack or in the instruction of a person in the riding or driving of an equine or in being a passenger upon an equine is not liable for the injury or death of a person involved in equine activities resulting from the inherent risks of equine activities, as defined in section 895.481 (1) (e) of the Wisconsin Statutes."
895.481(5) (5) If an equine professional uses a written contract for the rental of equines or equine equipment or tack or for the instruction of a person in the riding, driving or being a passenger upon an equine, the contract shall contain the notice set forth in sub. (4) in clearly readable bold print of not less than the same size as the print used in the remainder of the contract.
895.481(6) (6) This section does not limit the liability of a person under any applicable products liability laws.
895.481(7) (7) This section does not limit the immunity created under s. 895.52.
895.481 History History: 1995 a. 256.
895.482 895.482 Civil liability exemption; ski patrol members.
895.482(1)(1) In this section:
895.482(1)(a) (a) "Compensation" means wages, salary, commission or bonuses paid for services rendered, but does not include the provision, at a discounted price or without charge, of food, beverages, clothing, passes or other incidental benefits to ski patrol members.
895.482(1)(b) (b) "Ski patrol member" means a registered member of the national ski patrol who serves in that capacity without compensation.
895.482(2) (2) Except as provided in sub. (3), a ski patrol member is immune from civil liability for his or her acts or omissions while he or she is acting in his or her capacity as a ski patrol member, including the rendering of emergency care.
895.482(3) (3) The immunity under this section does not apply if the act or omission of the ski patrol member involves reckless, wanton or intentional misconduct.
895.482 History History: 1991 a. 318.
895.483 895.483 Civil liability exemption; regional and county emergency response teams and their sponsoring agencies.
895.483(1)(1) A regional emergency response team, a member of such a team, and a local agency, as defined in s. 166.22 (1) (c), that contracts with the division of emergency management in the department of military affairs for the provision of a regional emergency response team, are immune from civil liability for acts or omissions related to carrying out responsibilities under a contract under s. 166.215 (1).
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This is an archival version of the Wis. Stats. database for 1999. See Are the Statutes on this Website Official?