971.31(10)
(10) An order denying a motion to suppress evidence or a motion challenging the admissibility of a statement of a defendant may be reviewed upon appeal from a judgment of conviction notwithstanding the fact that such judgment was entered upon a plea of guilty.
971.31(11)
(11) In actions under
s. 940.225,
948.02,
948.025 or
948.095, evidence which is admissible under
s. 972.11 (2) must be determined by the court upon pretrial motion to be material to a fact at issue in the case and of sufficient probative value to outweigh its inflammatory and prejudicial nature before it may be introduced at trial.
971.31(12)
(12) In actions under
s. 940.22, the court may determine the admissibility of evidence under
s. 972.11 only upon a pretrial motion.
971.31(13)(a)(a) A juvenile over whom the court has jurisdiction under
s. 938.183 (1) (b) or
(c) on a misdemeanor action may make a motion before trial to transfer jurisdiction to the court assigned to exercise jurisdiction under
chs. 48 and
938.The motion may allege that the juvenile did not commit the violation under the circumstances described in
s. 938.183 (1) (b) or
(c), whichever is applicable, or that transfer of jurisdiction would be appropriate because of all of the following:
971.31(13)(a)1.
1. If convicted, the juvenile could not receive adequate treatment in the criminal justice system.
971.31(13)(a)2.
2. Transferring jurisdiction to the court assigned to exercise jurisdiction under
chs. 48 and
938 would not depreciate the seriousness of the offense.
971.31(13)(a)3.
3. Retaining jurisdiction is not necessary to deter the juvenile or other juveniles from committing the violation of which the juvenile is accused under the circumstances specified in
s. 938.183 (1) (b) or
(c), whichever is applicable.
971.31(13)(b)
(b) The court shall retain jurisdiction unless the juvenile proves by a preponderance of the evidence that he or she did not commit the violation under the circumstances described in
s. 938.183 (1) (b) or
(c), whichever is applicable, or that transfer would be appropriate because all of the factors specified in
par. (a) 1.,
2. and
3. are met.
971.31 Annotation
When defense counsel refused, for strategic reasons, to pursue a motion made pro se by the defendant before trial to suppress evidence of identification at a lineup, there was a waiver of the motion. State v. McDonald,
50 Wis. 2d 534,
184 N.W.2d 886 (1971).
971.31 Annotation
A claim of illegal arrest for lack of probable cause must be raised by motion before trial. Lampkins v. State,
51 Wis. 2d 564,
187 N.W.2d 164 (1971).
971.31 Annotation
A defendant is not required to make a motion to withdraw his plea to preserve his right to a review of an alleged error of refusal to suppress evidence. State v. Meier,
60 Wis. 2d 452,
210 N.W.2d 685 (1971).
971.31 Annotation
A motion to suppress statements on the ground that they were products of an allegedly improper arrest was timely, notwithstanding failure to assert that challenge prior to arraignment, since it was made after the information was filed and prior to trial. Rinehart v. State,
63 Wis. 2d 760,
218 N.W.2d 323 (1974).
971.31 Annotation
A request for a Goodchild hearing after direct testimony is concluded is not timely under sub. (2). Coleman v. State,
64 Wis. 2d 124,
218 N.W.2d 744 (1974).
971.31 Annotation
The rule in sub. (2) does not apply to confessions, because sub. (2) is qualified by subs. (3) and (4). Upchurch v. State,
64 Wis. 2d 553,
219 N.W.2d 363 (1974).
971.31 Annotation
A challenge to the search of one's person cannot be raised for the first time on appeal. Madison v. State,
64 Wis. 2d 564,
219 N.W.2d 259 (1974).
971.31 Annotation
A defendant's right to testify at a Goodchild hearing may be curtailed only for the most compelling reasons. Franklin v. State,
74 Wis. 2d 717,
247 N.W.2d 721 (1976).
971.31 Annotation
When the state used a traffic citation to initiate legal proceedings and subsequently decided to prosecute the action as a crime, the trial court erred in not giving the defendant 10 days from the date of the amended charge to object to the sufficiency of the complaint. State v. Mudgett,
99 Wis. 2d 525,
299 N.W.2d 621 (Ct. App. 1980).
971.31 Annotation
Sub. (6) authorizes the court to hold a defendant in custody or on bail for 72 hours pending new proceedings. State ex rel. Brockway v. Milwaukee Cty. Cir. Ct.
105 Wis. 2d 341,
313 N.W.2d 845 (Ct. App. 1981).
971.31 Annotation
Factors that a court should consider when a defendant requests to be tried after a codefendant in order to secure the testimony of the codefendant are: 1) the likelihood that the codefendant will testify; 2) the likelihood that the testimony will be significant and beneficial to the defendant; 3) whether the defendant diligently attempted to secure the evidence in time for trial; 4) the length of delay requested; and 5) the burden on the trial court and prosecution. State v. Anastas,
107 Wis. 2d 270,
320 N.W.2d 15 (Ct. App. 1982).
971.31 Annotation
By pleading guilty, the defendant waived the right to appeal trial court's ruling on the admissibility of other crimes evidence. State v. Nelson,
108 Wis. 2d 698,
324 N.W.2d 292 (Ct. App. 1982).
971.31 Annotation
A finding of not guilty by reason of mental disease or defect is a judgment of conviction under s. 972.13 (1) and thus s. 971.31 (10) is applicable. State v. Smith,
113 Wis. 2d 497,
335 N.W.2d 376 (1983).
971.31 Annotation
To admit evidence of prior untruthful allegations of sexual assault under sub. (11) and s. 972.11 (2) (b) 3., the court must be able to conclude from an offer of proof that a reasonable person could infer that the complainant made a prior untruthful allegation; "allegation" is not restricted to allegations reported to the police. State v. DeSantis,
155 Wis. 2d 774,
456 N.W.2d 600 (1990).
971.31 Annotation
Sub. (10) is inapplicable when the statement sought to be suppressed has no possible relevance to the charge to which the defendant pled guilty. State v. Pozo,
198 Wis. 2d 706,
544 N.W.2d 228 (Ct. App. 1995).
971.31 Annotation
The harmless error approach in s. 971.31 (10) appeals is not precluded in any way. State v. Armstrong,
225 Wis. 2d 121,
591 N.W.2d 604 (1999).
971.31 Annotation
The press and public have no constitutional right to attend a pretrial suppression hearing when the defendant demands closed hearing to avoid prejudicial publicity. Gannett Co. v. DePasquale,
443 U.S. 368 (1979).
971.315
971.315
Inquiry upon dismissal. Before a court dismisses a criminal charge against a person, the court shall inquire of the district attorney whether he or she has complied with
s. 971.095 (2).
971.315 History
History: 1997 a. 181.
971.32
971.32
Ownership, how alleged. In an indictment, information or complaint for a crime committed in relation to property, it shall be sufficient to state the name of any one of several co-owners, or of any officer or manager of any corporation, limited liability company or association owning the same.
971.32 History
History: 1993 a. 112,
491.
971.33
971.33
Possession of property, what sufficient. In the prosecution of a crime committed upon or in relation to or in any way affecting real property or any crime committed by stealing, damaging or fraudulently receiving or concealing personal property, it is sufficient if it is proved that at the time the crime was committed either the actual or constructive possession or the general or special property in any part of such property was in the person alleged to be the owner thereof.
971.34
971.34
Intent to defraud. Where the intent to defraud is necessary to constitute the crime it is sufficient to allege the intent generally; and on the trial it shall be sufficient if there appears to be an intent to defraud the United States or any state or any person.
971.36
971.36
Theft; pleading and evidence; subsequent prosecutions. 971.36(1)(1) In any criminal pleading for theft, it is sufficient to charge that the defendant did steal the property (describing it) of the owner (naming the owner) of the value of (stating the value in money).
971.36(2)
(2) Any criminal pleading for theft may contain a count for receiving the same property and the jury may find all or any of the persons charged guilty of either of the crimes.
971.36(3)
(3) In any case of theft involving more than one theft, all thefts may be prosecuted as a single crime if:
971.36(3)(a)
(a) The property belonged to the same owner and the thefts were committed pursuant to a single intent and design or in execution of a single deceptive scheme;
971.36(3)(b)
(b) The property belonged to the same owner and was stolen by a person in possession of it; or
971.36(3)(c)
(c) The property belonged to more than one owner and was stolen from the same place pursuant to a single intent and design.
971.36(4)
(4) In any case of theft involving more than one theft but prosecuted as a single crime, it is sufficient to allege generally a theft of property to a certain value committed between certain dates, without specifying any particulars. On the trial, evidence may be given of any such theft committed on or between the dates alleged; and it is sufficient to maintain the charge and is not a variance if it is proved that any property was stolen during such period. But an acquittal or conviction in any such case does not bar a subsequent prosecution for any acts of theft on which no evidence was received at the trial of the original charge. In case of a conviction on the original charge on a plea of guilty or no contest, the district attorney may, at any time before sentence, file a bill of particulars or other written statement specifying what particular acts of theft are included in the charge and in that event conviction does not bar a subsequent prosecution for any other acts of theft.
971.36 History
History: 1993 a. 486.
971.365
971.365
Crimes involving certain controlled substances. Effective date note
NOTE: Par. (a) is shown as amended eff. 2-1-03 by
2001 Wis. Act 109. Prior to 2-1-03 it reads:
Effective date text
(a) In any case under s. 961.41 (1) (cm), (d), (e), (em), (f), (g) or (h) involving more than one violation, all violations may be prosecuted as a single crime if the violations were pursuant to a single intent and design.
Effective date note
NOTE: Par. (b) is shown as amended eff. 2-1-03 by
2001 Wis. Act 109. Prior to 2-1-03 it reads:
Effective date text
(b) In any case under s. 961.41 (1m) (cm), (d), (e), (em), (f), (g) or (h) involving more than one violation, all violations may be prosecuted as a single crime if the violations were pursuant to a single intent and design.
Effective date note
NOTE: Par. (c) is shown as amended eff. 2-1-03 by
2001 Wis. Act 109. Prior to 2-1-03 it reads:
Effective date text
(c) In any case under s. 961.41 (3g) (a) 2., (c), (d), (dm) or (e) involving more than one violation, all violations may be prosecuted as a single crime if the violations were pursuant to a single intent and design.
971.365(2)
(2) An acquittal or conviction under
sub. (1) does not bar a subsequent prosecution for any acts in violation of s.
961.41 (1) (em), 1999 stats., s.
961.41 (1m) (em), 1999 stats., s.
961.41 (3g) (a) 2., 1999 stats., or s.
961.41 (3g) (dm), 1999 stats., or
s. 961.41 (1) (cm),
(d),
(e),
(f),
(g), or
(h),
(1m) (cm),
(d),
(e),
(f),
(g), or
(h) or
(3g) (am),
(c),
(d), or
(e) on which no evidence was received at the trial on the original charge.
Effective date note
NOTE: Sub. (2) is shown as amended eff. 2-1-03 by
2001 Wis. Act 109. Prior to 2-1-03 it reads:
Effective date text
(2) An acquittal or conviction under sub. (1) does not bar a subsequent prosecution for any acts in violation of s. 961.41 (1) (cm), (d), (e), (em), (f), (g) or (h), (1m) (cm), (d), (e), (em), (f), (g) or (h) or (3g) (a) 2., (c), (d), (dm) or (e) on which no evidence was received at the trial on the original charge.
971.37
971.37
Deferred prosecution programs; domestic abuse. 971.37(1)(b)
(b) Is nearer of kin to the alleged victim than a 2nd cousin;
971.37(1)(c)
(c) Is a guardian or legal custodian of the minor; or
971.37(1)(d)
(d) Is or appears to be in a position of power or control over the minor.
971.37(1m)(a)(a) The district attorney may enter into a deferred prosecution agreement under this section with any of the following:
971.37(1m)(a)2.
2. An adult accused of or charged with a criminal violation of
s. 940.19,
940.20 (1m),
940.201,
940.225,
940.23,
940.285,
940.30,
940.42,
940.43,
940.44,
940.45,
940.48,
941.20,
941.30,
943.01,
943.011,
943.14,
943.15,
946.49,
947.01,
947.012 or
947.0125 and the conduct constituting the violation involved an act by the adult person against his or her spouse or former spouse, against an adult with whom the adult person resides or formerly resided or against an adult with whom the adult person has created a child.
971.37(1m)(b)
(b) The agreement shall provide that the prosecution will be suspended for a specified period if the person complies with conditions specified in the agreement. The agreement shall be in writing, signed by the district attorney or his or her designee and the person, and shall provide that the person waives his or her right to a speedy trial and that the agreement will toll any applicable civil or criminal statute of limitations during the period of the agreement, and, furthermore, that the person shall file with the district attorney a monthly written report certifying his or her compliance with the conditions specified in the agreement. The district attorney shall provide the spouse of the accused person and the alleged victim or the parent or guardian of the alleged victim with a copy of the agreement.
971.37(1m)(c)1.1. The agreement may provide as one of its conditions that a person covered under
sub. (1) (b) or
(c) pay the domestic abuse assessment under
s. 973.055. Payments and collections under this subdivision are subject to
s. 973.055 (2) to
(4), except as follows:
971.37(1m)(c)1.a.
a. The district attorney shall determine the amount due. The district attorney may authorize less than a full assessment if he or she believes that full payment would have a negative impact on the offender's family. The district attorney shall provide the clerk of circuit court with the information necessary to comply with
subd. 1. b.
971.37(1m)(c)1.b.
b. The clerk of circuit court shall collect the amount due from the person and transmit it to the county treasurer.
971.37(1m)(c)2.
2. If the prosecution is resumed under
sub. (2) and the person is subsequently convicted, a court shall give the person credit under
s. 973.055 for any amount paid under
subd. 1.
971.37(2)
(2) The written agreement shall be terminated and the prosecution may resume upon written notice by either the person or the district attorney to the other prior to completion of the period of the agreement.
971.37(3)
(3) Upon completion of the period of the agreement, if the agreement has not been terminated under
sub. (2), the court shall dismiss, with prejudice, any charge or charges against the person in connection with the crime specified in
sub. (1m), or if no such charges have been filed, none may be filed.
971.37(4)
(4) Consent to a deferred prosecution under this section is not an admission of guilt and the consent may not be admitted in evidence in a trial for the crime specified in
sub. (1m), except if relevant to questions concerning the statute of limitations or lack of speedy trial. No statement relating to the crime, made by the person in connection with any discussions concerning deferred prosecution or to any person involved in a program in which the person must participate as a condition of the agreement, is admissible in a trial for the crime specified in
sub. (1m).
971.37(5)
(5) This section does not preclude use of deferred prosecution agreements for any alleged violations not subject to this section.
971.38
971.38
Deferred prosecution program; community service work. 971.38(1)(1) Except as provided in
s. 967.055 (3), the district attorney may require as a condition of any deferred prosecution program for any crime that the defendant perform community service work for a public agency or a nonprofit charitable organization. The number of hours of work required may not exceed what would be reasonable considering the seriousness of the alleged offense. An order may only apply if agreed to by the defendant and the organization or agency. The district attorney shall ensure that the defendant is provided a written statement of the terms of the community service order and that the community service order is monitored.
971.38(2)
(2) Any organization or agency acting in good faith to which a defendant is assigned pursuant to an order under this section has immunity from any civil liability in excess of $25,000 for acts or omissions by or impacting on the defendant.
971.38 History
History: 1981 c. 88;
1987 a. 101.
971.39
971.39
Deferred prosecution program; agreements with department. 971.39(1)(1) Except as provided in
s. 967.055 (3), in counties having a population of less than 100,000, if a defendant is charged with a crime, the district attorney, the department and a defendant may all enter into a deferred prosecution agreement which includes, but is not limited to, the following conditions:
971.39(1)(a)
(a) The agreement shall be in writing, signed by the district attorney or his or her designee, a representative of the department and the defendant.
971.39(1)(b)
(b) The defendant admits, in writing, all of the elements of the crime charged.
