46.03(42)
(42) Administrative hearings and appeals. Any hearing under
s. 227.42 granted by the department may be conducted before the division of hearings and appeals in the department of administration.
46.03(43)
(43) Compulsive gambling awareness campaigns. From the appropriation account under
s. 20.435 (7) (kg), provide grants to one or more individuals or organizations in the private sector to conduct compulsive gambling awareness campaigns.
46.03 History
History: 1971 c. 270 s.
104;
1973 c. 90;
1973 c. 284 ss.
2,
32;
1973 c. 333;
1975 c. 39,
82;
1975 c. 189 s.
99 (1), (2);
1975 c. 224,
377,
413,
422;
1977 c. 29,
193;
1977 c. 196 s.
131;
1977 c. 203,
205,
271,
354;
1977 c. 418 ss.
287 to
289m,
924 (18) (d);
1977 c. 447,
449;
1979 c. 32 s.
92 (1);
1979 c. 34;
1979 c. 175 s.
46;
1979 c. 221,
331,
352;
1981 c. 20,
81;
1981 c. 314 s.
144;
1981 c. 390;
1983 a. 27,
193;
1983 a. 435 s.
7;
1983 a. 447,
474;
1983 a. 532 s.
36;
1985 a. 19,
29,
120,
176,
234,
285,
328,
331;
1985 a. 332 s.
251 (3);
1987 a. 3,
5,
27,
161,
186,
307,
339,
385,
399,
403,
413;
1989 a. 31 ss.
938m to
951,
2909g,
2909i;
1989 a. 56,
105,
107,
122;
1991 a. 39,
277;
1993 a. 16 ss.
851 to
859,
3072d;
1993 a. 98,
377,
385,
446,
481;
1995 a. 27 ss.
2026m to
2038b,
9126 (19);
1995 a. 77,
201,
225,
352,
370,
404,
448;
1997 a. 3,
27,
111,
283,
292;
1999 a. 9,
83;
2001 a. 16,
59,
61,
109;
2003 a. 33;
2005 a. 25,
293,
406;
2005 a. 443 s.
265.
46.03 Cross-reference
Cross Reference: See also
HFS, Wis. adm. code.
46.03 Annotation
The legislative intent underlying sub. (22) (d) supports a holding that a community living arrangement with a capacity of 10 persons was not barred by a deed covenant limiting use to a single-family residence. Crowley v. Knapp,
94 Wis. 2d 421,
288 N.W.2d 815 (1980).
46.03 Annotation
Sections 46.03 (18) and 46.10 do not constitute an unlawful delegation of legislative power. In Matter of Guardianship of Klisurich,
98 Wis. 2d 274,
296 N.W.2d 742 (1980).
46.03 Annotation
Retroactive application of sub. (22) is constitutional. Overlook Farms v. Alternative Living,
143 Wis. 2d 485,
422 N.W.2d 131 (Ct. App. 1988).
46.03 Annotation
Sub. (18) and s. 46.10 (3) permit the department to promulgate rules that consider non-liable family members' incomes in determining a liable family member's ability to pay. In Interest of A.L.W.
153 Wis. 2d 412,
451 N.W.2d 416 (1990).
46.03 Annotation
Sub. (18) (b) imposes liability upon minors and parents for the costs of services, but does not give counties an automatic right of recovery. Section 46.10 governs enforcement procedure and allows courts to exercise discretion. In Matter of S.E. Trust,
159 Wis. 2d 709,
465 N.W.2d 231 (Ct. App. 1990).
46.03 Annotation
The uniform fee system under sub. (18) and s. 46.10 allows imputing income and, consequently, looking beyond tax returns to determine ability to pay. Interest of Kevin C.
181 Wis. 2d 146,
510 N.W.2d 746 (Ct. App. 1993).
46.03 Annotation
"Prisons and jails" as used in sub. (22) (a) are defined. 69 Atty. Gen. 52.
46.031
46.031
County social service and mental hygiene budget and contract. 46.031(1)(a)(a) Each county department under
s. 46.215,
46.22,
46.23,
51.42 or
51.437 shall submit to the department by December 31 annually its final budget for services directly provided or purchased.
46.031(2)
(2) Assessment of needs. Before developing and submitting a proposed budget to the county executive or county administrator or the county board, the county departments listed in
sub. (1) shall assess needs and inventory resources and services, using an open public participation process.
46.031(2g)(a)(a) The department shall annually submit to the county board of supervisors in a county with a single-county department or the county boards of supervisors in counties with a multicounty department a proposed written contract containing the allocation of funds and such administrative requirements as necessary. The contract as approved may contain conditions of participation consistent with federal and state law. The contract may also include provisions necessary to ensure uniform cost accounting of services. Any changes to the proposed contract shall be mutually agreed upon. The county board of supervisors in a county with a single-county department or the county boards of supervisors in counties with a multicounty department shall approve the contract before January 1 of the year in which it takes effect unless the department grants an extension. The county board of supervisors in a county with a single-county department or the county boards of supervisors in counties with a multicounty department may designate an agent to approve addenda to any contract after the contract has been approved.
46.031(2g)(b)
(b) The department may not approve contracts for amounts in excess of available revenues. The county board of supervisors in a county with a single-county department or the county boards of supervisors in counties with a multicounty department may appropriate funds not used to match state funds under
ss. 46.495 (1) (d) and
51.423. Actual expenditure of county funds shall be reported in compliance with procedures developed by the department, and shall comply with standards guaranteeing quality of care comparable to similar facilities.
46.031(2g)(c)
(c) The joint committee on finance may require the department to submit contracts between county departments under
ss. 46.215,
46.22,
46.23,
51.42 and
51.437 and providers of service to the committee for review and approval.
46.031(2r)(a)(a) The department, after reasonable notice, may withhold a portion of the appropriation allocated to a county department under
s. 46.215,
46.22,
46.23,
51.42 or
51.437 if the department determines that that portion of the allocated appropriation:
46.031(2r)(a)1.
1. Is for services which duplicate or are inconsistent with services being provided or purchased by the department or other county departments receiving grants-in-aid or reimbursement from the department.
46.031(2r)(a)2.
2. Is inconsistent with state or federal statutes, rules or regulations, in which case the department may also arrange for provision of services by an alternate agency. The department may not arrange for provision of services by an alternate agency unless the joint committee on finance or a review body designated by the committee reviews and approves the department's determination.
46.031(2r)(a)3.
3. Is for the treatment of alcoholics in treatment facilities which have not been approved by the department in accordance with
s. 51.45 (8).
46.031(2r)(a)4.
4. Is for inpatient treatment in excess of an average of 21 days, as provided in
s. 51.423 (12), excluding care for patients at the centers for the developmentally disabled.
46.031(2r)(a)5.
5. Is inconsistent with the provisions of the county department's contract under
sub. (2g).
46.031(2r)(b)
(b) If the department withholds a portion of the allocable appropriation under
par. (a), the county department affected by the action of the department may submit to the county board of supervisors in a county with a single-county department or to its designated agent or the county boards of supervisors in counties with a multicounty department or their designated agents a plan to rectify the deficiency found by the department. The county board of supervisors or its designated agent in a county with a single-county department or the county boards of supervisors in counties with a multicounty department or their designated agents may approve or amend the plan and may submit for departmental approval the plan as adopted. If a multicounty department is administering a program, the plan may not be submitted unless each county board of supervisors which participated in the establishment of the multicounty department, or its designated agent, adopts it.
46.031(3)
(3) Open public participation process. 46.031(3)(a)(a)
Citizen advisory committee. Except as provided in
par. (b), the county board of supervisors of each county or the county boards of supervisors of 2 or more counties jointly shall establish a citizen advisory committee to the county departments under
ss. 46.215,
46.22,
46.23,
51.42 and
51.437. The citizen advisory committee shall advise in the formulation of the budget under
sub. (1). Membership on the committee shall be determined by the county board of supervisors in a county with a single-county committee or by the county boards of supervisors in counties with a multicounty committee and shall include representatives of those persons receiving services, providers of service and citizens. A majority of the members of the committee shall be citizen and service consumers. At least one member of the committee shall be chosen from the governing or administrative board of the community action agency serving the county or counties under
s. 46.30, if any. The committee's membership may not consist of more than 25% county supervisors, nor of more than 20% service providers. The chairperson of the committee shall be appointed by the county board of supervisors establishing it. In the case of a multicounty committee, the chairperson shall be nominated by the committee and approved by the county boards of supervisors establishing it. The county board of supervisors in a county with a single-county committee or the county boards of supervisors in counties with a multicounty committee may designate an agent to determine the membership of the committee and to appoint the committee chairperson or approve the nominee.
46.031(3)(b)
(b)
Alternate process. The county board of supervisors or the boards of 2 or more counties acting jointly may submit a report to the department on the open public participation process used under
sub. (2). The county board of supervisors may designate an agent, or the boards of 2 or more counties acting jointly may designate an agent, to submit the report. If the department approves the report, establishment of a citizen advisory committee under
par. (a) is not required.
46.031(3)(c)
(c)
Yearly report. The county board of supervisors or its designated agent, or the boards of 2 or more counties acting jointly or their designated agent, shall submit to the department a list of members of the citizen advisory committee under
par. (a) or a report on the open public participation process under
par. (b) on or before July 1 of each year.
46.034
46.034
Authority to establish services integration and coordination pilot programs. 46.034(1)
(1) The department, in order to discharge more effectively its responsibilities under this chapter and
chs. 48,
51,
250 and
251 and other relevant provisions of the statutes, may establish community human services pilot programs for the study, implementation and evaluation of improved human services delivery systems. In the implementation of such pilot programs, the requirement of statewide uniformity with respect to the organization and governance of human services shall not apply. The department and local governmental bodies may establish such departments, boards, committees, organizational structures and procedures as may be needed to implement the pilot programs. The departments, boards, committees and organizational structures may assume responsibilities currently assigned by statute to the departments, boards, committees or organizational structures that are replaced.
46.034(2)
(2) The number of pilot programs shall be limited by the department's capacity to coordinate and adequately monitor pilot activities and by the availability of state and federal funds.
46.034(3)
(3) With the agreement of the affected county board of supervisors in a county with a single-county department or boards of supervisors in counties with a multicounty department, effective for the contract period beginning January 1, 1980, the department may approve a county with a single-county department or counties participating in a multicounty department to administer a single consolidated aid consisting of the state and federal financial aid available to that county or those counties from appropriations under
s. 20.435 (7) (b) and
(o) for services provided and purchased by county departments under
ss. 46.215,
46.22,
46.23,
51.42, and
51.437. Under such an agreement, in the interest of improved service coordination and effectiveness, the county board of supervisors in a county with a single-county department or county boards of supervisors in counties with a multicounty department may reallocate among county departments under
ss. 46.215,
46.22,
46.23,
51.42, and
51.437 funds that otherwise would be specified for use by a single county department. The budget under
s. 46.031 (1) shall be the vehicle for expressing the proposed use of the single consolidated fund by the county board of supervisors in a county with a single-county department or county boards of supervisors in counties with a multicounty department. Approval by the department of this use of the fund shall be in the contract under
s. 46.031 (2g). Counties that were selected by the department to pilot test consolidated aids for contract periods beginning January 1, 1978, may continue or terminate consolidation with the agreement of the affected county board of supervisors in a county with a single-county department or county boards of supervisors in counties with a multicounty department.
46.035
46.035
Department, additional powers to provide structures, facilities and permanent improvements. 46.035(1)(1) As used in this section unless the context requires otherwise:
46.035(1)(a)
(a) The term "existing building" in relation to any conveyance, lease or sublease made under
sub. (2) (a),
(b), and
(c) means all detention, treatment, administrative, recreational, infirmary, hospital, vocational and academic buildings; all dormitories and cottages; all storage facilities, heating plants, sewage disposal plants, and such other buildings, structures, facilities and permanent improvements as in the judgment of the secretary are needed or useful for the purposes of the department, and all equipment therefor and all improvements and additions thereto which were erected, constructed or installed prior to the making of such conveyance, lease or sublease.
46.035(1)(b)
(b) The term "new building" in relation to any conveyance, lease or sublease made under
sub. (2) (a),
(b), and
(c) means all detention, treatment, administrative, recreational, infirmary, hospital, vocational and academic buildings; all dormitories and cottages; all storage facilities, heating plants, sewage disposal plants, and such other buildings, structures, facilities and permanent improvements as in the judgment of the secretary are needed or useful for the purposes of the department, and all equipment therefor and all improvements and additions thereto which are erected, constructed or installed after the making of such conveyance, lease or sublease.
46.035(1)(c)
(c) The term "nonprofit corporation" means a nonstock corporation that is organized under
ch. 181 and that is a nonprofit corporation, as defined in
s. 181.0103 (17).
46.035(2)
(2) In order to provide new buildings and to enable the construction and financing thereof, to refinance indebtedness hereafter created by a nonprofit corporation for the purpose of providing a new building or buildings or additions or improvements thereto which are located on land owned by, or owned by the state and held for, the department or on lands of the institutions under the jurisdiction of the department or by the nonprofit corporation, or for any one or more of said purposes, but for no other purpose unless authorized by law, the department has, subject to
s. 16.848, the following powers and duties:
46.035(2)(a)
(a) Without limitation by reason of any other provisions of the statutes except
s. 16.848, the power to sell and to convey title in fee simple to a nonprofit corporation any land and any existing buildings thereon owned by, or owned by the state and held for, the department or of any of the institutions under the jurisdiction of the department for such consideration and upon such terms and conditions as in the judgment of the secretary are in the public interest.
46.035(2)(b)
(b) The power to lease to a nonprofit corporation for a term or terms not exceeding 50 years each any land and any existing buildings thereon owned by, or owned by the state and held for, the department or of any of the institutions under the jurisdiction of the department upon such terms and conditions as in the judgment of the secretary are in the public interest.
46.035(2)(c)
(c) The power to lease or sublease from such nonprofit corporation, and to make available for public use, any such land and existing buildings conveyed or leased to such nonprofit corporation under
pars. (a) and
(b), and any new buildings erected upon such land or upon any other land owned by such nonprofit corporation, upon such terms, conditions and rentals, subject to available appropriations, as in the judgment of the secretary are in the public interest. With respect to any property conveyed to such nonprofit corporation under
par. (a), such lease from such nonprofit corporation may be subject or subordinated to one or more mortgages of such property granted by such nonprofit corporation.
46.035(2)(d)
(d) The duty to submit the plans and specifications for all such new buildings and all conveyances, leases and subleases made under this subsection to the department of administration and the governor for written approval before they are finally adopted, executed and delivered.
46.035(2)(e)
(e) The power to pledge and assign all or any part of the revenues derived from the operation of such new buildings as security for the payment of rentals due and to become due under any lease or sublease of such new buildings under
par. (c).
46.035(2)(f)
(f) The power to covenant and agree in any lease or sublease of such new buildings made under
par. (c) to impose fees, rentals or other charges for the use and occupancy or other operation of such new buildings in an amount calculated to produce net revenues sufficient to pay the rentals due and to become due under such lease or sublease.
46.035(2)(g)
(g) The power to apply all or any part of the revenues derived from the operation of existing buildings to the payment of rentals due and to become due under any lease or sublease made under
par. (c).
46.035(2)(h)
(h) The power to pledge and assign all or any part of the revenues derived from the operation of existing buildings to the payment of rentals due and to become due under any lease or sublease made under
par. (c).
46.035(2)(i)
(i) The power to covenant and agree in any lease or sublease made under
par. (c) to impose fees, rentals or other charges for the use and occupancy or other operation of existing buildings in an amount calculated to produce net revenues sufficient to pay the rentals due and to become due under such lease or sublease.
46.035(2)(j)
(j) The power and duty, upon receipt of notice of any assignment by any such nonprofit corporation of any lease or sublease made under
par. (c), or of any of its rights under any such sublease, to recognize and give effect to such assignment, and to pay to the assignee thereof rentals or other payments then due or which may become due under any such lease or sublease which has been so assigned by such nonprofit corporation.
46.035(3)
(3) The state is liable for accrued rentals and for any other default under any lease or sublease made under
sub. (2) (c), and may be sued therefor on contract as in other contract actions pursuant to
ch. 775, except that it is not necessary for the lessor under any such lease or sublease or any assignee of such lessor or any person or other legal entity proceeding on behalf of such lessor to file any claim with the legislature prior to the commencement of any such action.
46.035(4)
(4) Nothing in this section empowers the secretary or the department to incur any state debt.
46.035(5)
(5) All laws, except
s. 16.848 and
ch. 150, that conflict with any provisions of this section, are, insofar as they conflict with this section and no further, superseded by this section.
46.036
46.036
Purchase of care and services. 46.036(1)
(1) All care and services purchased by the department or by a county department under
s. 46.215,
46.22,
46.23,
51.42 or
51.437, except as provided under
subch. III of ch. 49 and
s. 301.08 (2), shall be authorized and contracted for under the standards established under this section. The department may require the county departments to submit the contracts to the department for review and approval. For purchases of $10,000 or less the requirement for a written contract may be waived by the department. No contract is required for care provided by foster homes or treatment foster homes that are required to be licensed under
s. 48.62. When the department directly contracts for services, it shall follow the procedures in this section in addition to meeting purchasing requirements established in
s. 16.75.
46.036(2)
(2) All care and services purchased shall meet standards established by the department and other requirements specified by purchaser in the contract. Based on these standards the department shall establish standards for cost accounting and management information systems that shall monitor the utilization of such services, and document the specific services in meeting the service plan for the client and the objective of the service.
46.036(3)(a)(a) Purchase of service contracts shall be written in accordance with rules promulgated and procedures established by the department. Contracts for client services shall show the total dollar amount to be purchased and for each service the number of clients to be served, number of client service units, the unit rate per client service and the total dollar amount for each service.
46.036(3)(b)
(b) Payments under a contract may be made on the basis of actual allowable costs or on the basis of a unit rate per client service multiplied by the actual client units furnished each month. The contract may be renegotiated when units vary from the contracted number. The purchaser shall determine actual marginal costs for each service unit less than or in addition to the contracted number.
46.036(3)(c)
(c) For proprietary agencies, contracts may include a percentage add-on for profit according to rules promulgated by the department.
46.036(3)(d)
(d) Reimbursement to an agency may be based on total costs agreed to by the parties regardless of the actual number of service units to be furnished, when the agency is entering into a contract for a new or expanded service that the purchaser recognizes will require a start-up period not to exceed 180 days. Such reimbursement applies only if identified client needs necessitate the establishment of a new service or expansion of an existing service.
46.036(3)(e)
(e) If the purchaser finds it necessary to terminate a contract prior to the contract expiration date for reasons other than nonperformance by the provider, actual cost incurred by the provider may be reimbursed for an amount determined by mutual agreement of the parties.
46.036(3)(f)
(f) Advance payments of up to one-twelfth of an annual contract may be allowed under the contract. If the advance payment exceeds $10,000, the provider shall supply a surety bond for an amount equal to the amount of the advance payment applied for. No surety bond is required if the provider is a state agency. The cost of the surety bond shall be allowable as an expense.
46.036(3)(g)
(g) Notwithstanding
pars. (b) and
(d), if a county has an existing system, approved by the department, to monitor and assess the outcomes of a contract and if the county is so authorized by the department, the county may contract with providers to pay in advance or after provision of services a fixed amount for each person served by the provider in return for a defined set of expected outcomes that are determined by the county.
46.036(4)
(4) For purposes of this section and as a condition of reimbursement, each provider under contract shall:
46.036(4)(a)
(a) Except as provided in this paragraph, maintain a uniform double entry accounting system and a management information system which are compatible with cost accounting and control systems prescribed by the department. The department shall establish a simplified double entry bookkeeping system for use by family-operated group homes. Each purchaser shall determine whether a family-operated group home from which it purchases services shall use the double entry accounting system or the simplified system and shall include this determination in the purchase of service contract. In this paragraph, "family-operated group home" means a group home licensed under
s. 48.66 (1) (a) for which the licensee is one or more individuals who operate not more than one group home.
46.036(4)(b)
(b) Cooperate with the department and purchaser in establishing costs for reimbursement purposes.
46.036(4)(c)
(c) Unless waived by the department, biennially, or annually if required under federal law, provide the purchaser with a certified financial and compliance audit report if the care and services purchased exceed $25,000. The audit shall follow standards that the department prescribes. A purchaser may waive the requirements of this paragraph for any family-operated group home, as defined under
par. (a), from which it purchases services.
46.036(4)(d)
(d) Transfer a client from one category of care or service to another only with the approval of the purchaser.
46.036(4)(e)
(e) Charge a uniform schedule of fees as defined under
s. 46.03 (18) unless waived by the purchaser with approval of the department. Whenever providers recover funds attributed to the client, such funds shall offset the amount paid under the contract.
46.036(5)
(5) Except as provided under
sub. (5m), the purchaser shall recover from provider agencies money paid in excess of the conditions of the contract from subsequent payments made to the provider.
46.036(5m)(a)1.
1. "Provider" means a nonstock corporation organized under
ch. 181 that is a nonprofit corporation, as defined in
s. 181.0103 (17), and that contracts under this section to provide client services on the basis of a unit rate per client service or a county department under
s. 46.215,
46.22,
46.23,
51.42, or
51.437 that contracts under this section to provide client services on the basis of a unit rate per client service.
46.036(5m)(a)2.
2. "Rate-based service" means a service or a group of services, as determined by the department, that is reimbursed through a prospectively set rate and that is distinguishable from other services or groups of services by the purpose for which funds are provided for that service or group of services and by the source of funding for that service or group of services.
46.036(5m)(b)1.1. Subject to
subd. 2. and
pars. (e) and
(em), if revenue under a contract for the provision of a rate-based service exceeds allowable costs incurred in the contract period, the provider may retain from the surplus generated by that rate-based service up to 5% of the revenue received under the contract. A provider that retains a surplus under this subdivision shall use that retained surplus to cover a deficit between revenue and allowable costs incurred in any preceding or future contract period for the same rate-based service that generated the surplus or to address the programmatic needs of clients served by the same rate-based service that generated the surplus.
46.036(5m)(b)2.
2. Subject to
pars. (e) and
(em), a provider may accumulate funds from more than one contract period under this paragraph, except that, if at the end of a contract period the amount accumulated from all contract periods for a rate-based service exceeds 10% of the revenue received under all current contracts for that rate-based service, the provider shall, at the request of a purchaser, return to that purchaser the purchaser's proportional share of that excess and use any of that excess that is not returned to a purchaser to reduce the provider's unit rate per client for that rate-based service in the next contract period. If a provider has held for 4 consecutive contract periods an accumulated reserve for a rate-based service that is equal to or exceeds 10% of the revenue received under all current contracts for that rate-based service, the provider shall apply 50% of that accumulated amount to reducing its unit rate per client for that rate-based service in the next contract period.
46.036(5m)(e)
(e) Notwithstanding
par. (b) 1. and
2., the department or a county department under
s. 46.215,
46.22,
46.23,
51.42, or
51.437 that purchases care and services from an inpatient alcohol and other drug abuse treatment program that is not affiliated with a hospital and that is licensed as a community-based residential facility, may allocate to the program an amount that is equal to the amount of revenues received by the program that are in excess of the allowable costs incurred in the period of a contract between the program and the department or the county department for purchase of care and services under this section. The department or the county department may make the allocation under this paragraph only if the funds so allocated do not reduce any amount of unencumbered state aid to the department or the county department that otherwise would lapse to the general fund.
46.036(5m)(em)
(em) Notwithstanding
pars. (b) 1. and
2. and
(e), a county department under
s. 46.215,
51.42, or
51.437 providing client services in a county having a population of 500,000 or more or a nonstock, nonprofit corporation providing client services in such a county may not retain a surplus under
par. (b) 1., accumulate funds under
par. (b) 2., or allocate an amount under
par. (e) from revenues that are used to meet the maintenance-of-effort requirement under the federal temporary assistance for needy families program under
42 USC 601 to
619.
46.036(5m)(f)
(f) All providers that are subject to this subsection shall comply with any financial reporting and auditing requirements that the department may prescribe. Those requirements shall include a requirement that a provider provide to any purchaser and the department any information that the department needs to claim federal reimbursement for the cost of any services purchased from the provider and a requirement that a provider provide audit reports to any purchaser and the department according to standards specified in the provider's contract and any other standards that the department may prescribe.
46.036(6)
(6) Contracts may be renegotiated by the purchaser under conditions specified in the contract.
46.036(7)
(7) The service provider under this section may appeal decisions of the purchaser in accordance with terms and conditions of the contract and
ch. 68 or
227.
46.036 History
History: 1973 c. 90,
333;
1975 c. 39;
1975 c. 198 s.
65;
1977 c. 29,
418;
1981 c. 20;
1983 a. 27,
116,
192;
1985 a. 176;
1985 a. 332 s.
251 (3);
1987 a. 27;
1987 a. 161 s.
13m;
1989 a. 31,
122,
359;
1993 a. 375,
380,
446;
1995 a. 27;
1997 a. 27,
79,
237;
1999 a. 9,
103;
2001 a. 16.
