71.70(2)
(2) Corporations. All corporations doing business in this state shall file, on or before March 15, any information relative to payments made within the preceding calendar year of rents and royalties to all natural persons taxable thereon under this chapter. A corporation shall, on or before January 31 of the year in which the statement is required to be furnished to the department, furnish the recipient of the payment with a copy of that statement.
71.70 Cross-reference
Cross-reference: See also s.
Tax 2.04, Wis. adm. code.
71.71(1)(1)
Statement employer must furnish to employee. 71.71(1)(a)(a) Every person, partnership or limited liability company required to deduct and withhold from an employee under the general withholding provisions of
subch. X shall furnish to each such employee in respect of the remuneration paid by such person, partnership or company to such employee during the calendar year, on or before January 31 of the succeeding year, or if his or her employment is terminated before the close of any such calendar year on the day on which the last payment of remuneration is made, 2 legible copies of a written statement showing the following:
71.71(1)(a)1.
1. The name of such person, partnership or limited liability company, and that person's, partnership's or company's Wisconsin income tax identification number, if any.
71.71(1)(a)2.
2. The name of such employee, and his or her social security number, if any.
71.71(1)(a)4.
4. The total amount deducted and withheld as required by the general withholding provisions of
subch. X.
71.71(1)(b)
(b) The employee shall furnish the department of revenue one copy of such written statement along with his or her return for the year.
71.71(2)
(2) Statement employer must file. Every person required to deduct and withhold from an employee under
subch. X shall file, in respect to remuneration paid by such person to such employee during the calendar year, on or before January 31 of the succeeding year, one copy of the statement referred to in
sub. (1).
71.71 Cross-reference
Cross-reference: See also s.
Tax 2.04, Wis. adm. code.
71.72
71.72
Statement of nonwage payments. Every resident of this state and every nonresident carrying on activities within this state, whether taxable or not under this chapter, who pays in any calendar year for services performed within this state by an individual remuneration which is excluded from the definition of wages in
s. 71.63 (6), in the amount of $600 or more, shall, on or before February 28 of the year following the year in which the payments were made, file a statement disclosing the name of the payor, the name and address of the recipient and the total amount paid in such year to such recipient. The person who pays for the services shall, on or before January 31 of the year in which the statement is required to be furnished to the department, furnish the recipient of the payment with a copy of that statement. In any case in which an individual receives wages, as defined in
s. 71.63 (6), and also remuneration for services which remuneration is excluded from such definition, both from the same payor, the wages and the excluded remuneration shall both be reported in the statement required by
s. 71.71 (2) in a manner satisfactory to the department, regardless of the amount of the excluded remuneration.
71.72 Cross-reference
Cross-reference: See also s.
Tax 2.04, Wis. adm. code.
71.73
71.73
General provisions. 71.73(1)(1)
Penalties. Unless specifically provided in this subchapter, the penalties under
subch. XIII apply for failure to comply with this subchapter, unless the context requires otherwise.
71.73(2)
(2) Extensions. If an employer applies for an extension and shows good cause why an extension should be granted, the department of revenue may grant the following extensions for the following statements:
71.73(2)(a)
(a) Sixty days for filing a rent and royalty statement under
s. 71.70.
71.73(2)(c)
(c) Sixty days for filing a statement of nonwage payments under
s. 71.72.
ADMINISTRATIVE PROVISIONS APPLICABLE
TO ALL ENTITIES
71.738
71.738
Definitions. In this subchapter:
71.738(1m)
(1m) "Department" means the department of revenue.
71.738(2m)
(2m) "File" means mail or deliver a document that the department prescribes to the department or, if the department prescribes another method of submitting or another destination, use that other method or submit to that other destination.
71.738(3)
(3) "Last day prescribed by law" means the unextended due date of the return or of the claim made under
subch. VIII.
71.738(4)
(4) "Sign" means write one's signature or, if the department prescribes another method of authenticating, use that other method.
71.74
71.74
Department audits, additional assessments and refunds. 71.74(1)(1)
Office audit. The department shall, as soon as practicable, office audit such returns as it deems advisable and if it is found from such office audit that a person has been over or under assessed, or found that no assessment has been made when one should have been made, the department shall correct or assess the income of such person. Any assessment, correction or adjustment made as a result of such office audit shall be presumed to be the result of an audit of the return only, and such office audit shall not be deemed a verification of any item in said return unless the amount of such item and the propriety thereof shall have been determined after hearing and review as provided in
s. 71.88 (1) (a) and
(2) (a). Such office audit shall not preclude the department from making field audits of the books and records of the taxpayer and from making further adjustment, correction and assessment of income.
71.74(2)(a)(a) Whenever the department deems it advisable to verify any return directly from the books and records of any person, or from any other sources of information, the department may direct any return to be so verified.
71.74(2)(b)
(b) For the purpose of ascertaining the correctness of any return or for the purpose of making a determination of the taxable income of any person, the department may examine or cause to be examined by any agent or representative designated by it, any books, papers, records or memoranda bearing on the income of the person, and may require the production of the books, papers, records or memoranda, and require the attendance of any person having knowledge in the premises, and may take testimony and require proof material for its information. Upon such information as it may be able to discover, the department shall determine the true amount of income received during the year or years under investigation.
71.74(2)(c)
(c) If it appears upon such investigation that a person has been over or under assessed, or that no assessment has been made when one should have been made, the department shall make a correct assessment in the manner provided in this chapter.
71.74(3)
(3) Default assessment. Any person required to file an income or franchise tax return, who fails, neglects or refuses to do so within the time prescribed by this chapter or files a return that does not disclose the person's entire net income, shall be assessed by the department according to its best judgment.
71.74(4)
(4) Assessment for failure of natural persons and fiduciaries to file information returns. The department may assess as an addition to taxable income the amount of deductions taken in arriving at federal adjusted gross income or federal taxable income by natural persons and fiduciaries for wages, rent or royalties, upon failure to file information returns concerning such payments where required under
s. 71.65 (1) and
(2) (a) or
(b) and
71.70 (1). Such assessments shall be made and reviewed in the same manner as other income tax assessments.
71.74 Cross-reference
Cross-reference: See also s.
Tax 2.04, Wis. adm. code.
71.74(5)
(5) Assessment when prices affect taxable income. When any corporation liable to taxation under this chapter conducts its business in such a manner as either directly or indirectly to benefit the members or stockholders thereof or any person interested in such business, by selling its products or the goods or commodities in which it deals at less than the fair price which might be obtained therefor, or where a corporation, a substantial portion of whose capital stock is owned either directly or indirectly by another corporation, acquires and disposes of the products of the corporation so owning a substantial portion of its stock in such a manner as to create a loss or improper net income, the department may determine the amount of taxable income to such corporation for the calendar or fiscal year, having due regard to the reasonable profits which but for such arrangement or understanding might or could have been obtained from dealing in such products, goods or commodities.
71.74(6)
(6) Consolidated statements. For the purpose of this chapter, whenever a corporation which is required to file an income or franchise tax return is affiliated with or related to any other corporation through stock ownership by the same interests or as parent or subsidiary corporations, or whose income is regulated through contract or other arrangement, the department may require such consolidated statements as in its opinion are necessary in order to determine the taxable income received by any one of the affiliated or related corporations or to determine whether the corporations are a unitary business.
71.74(7)
(7) Additional assessments against dissolved corporation. If all or substantially all of the business or property of a corporation is transferred to one or more persons and the corporation is liquidated, dissolved, merged, consolidated or otherwise terminated, any tax imposed by this chapter on such corporation may be assessed and collected as prescribed in this section against the transferee or transferees of such business or property. Notice shall be given to such transferee or transferees under
sub. (11) within the time specified in
s. 71.77 irrespective of any other limitations imposed by law. If such corporation has dissolved, such notice may be served on any one of the last officers or members of the board of directors of such corporation.
71.74(8)(a)(a) If an audit of a claim for a credit under
s. 71.07,
71.28 or
71.47 or
subch. VIII or
IX indicates that an incorrect claim was filed, the department shall make a determination of the correct amount and notify the claimant of the determination and the reasons therefor under
sub. (11) within 4 years of the last day prescribed by law for filing the claim. If the claim has been paid, or credited against income or franchise taxes otherwise payable, the credit shall be reduced or canceled, and the proper portion of any amount paid shall be similarly recovered by assessment as income or franchise taxes are assessed.
71.74(8)(b)
(b) If a claim for a credit under
s. 71.07,
71.28 or
71.47 or
subch. VIII or
IX is false or excessive and was filed with fraudulent intent, the claim shall be disallowed in full and, if the claim has been paid or a credit has been allowed against income or franchise taxes otherwise payable, the credit shall be canceled and the amount paid may be recovered by assessment as income or franchise taxes are assessed.
71.74(8)(c)
(c) If a claim for a credit under
s. 71.07,
71.28 or
71.47 or
subch. VIII or
IX is excessive and was negligently prepared, 10% of the corrected claim shall be disallowed and, if the claim has been paid or credited against income or franchise taxes otherwise payable, the credit shall be reduced or canceled and the proper portion of any amount paid shall be similarly recovered by assessment as income or franchise taxes are assessed.
71.74(8)(d)
(d) If a claim for a state historic rehabilitation credit under
s. 71.07 (9r) is false or excessive, the department shall disallow the claim in full. If a credit has been allowed against income taxes otherwise payable, the credit shall be canceled and the amount may be recovered by assessment as income taxes are assessed. Notwithstanding
par. (a) and
s. 71.77, the department shall notify the claimant of the determination and shall give reasons for the disallowance under
sub. (11) within 4 years after the date that the state historical society notifies the department that the preservation or rehabilitation is not in compliance with
s. 71.07 (9r) (b) 3. b. or
4., but that notification must be made within 6 years after the date that the physical work of construction, or destruction in preparation for construction, begins.
71.74(9)
(9) Liability may be assessed to more than one person. If the department determines that a liability exists under this chapter and that the liability may be owed by more than one person, the department may assess the entire amount to each person, specifying that it is assessing in the alternative.
71.74(10)
(10) Notice to taxpayer of adjustment. The department shall notify the taxpayer, as provided in
sub. (11), of any adjustment, correction and assessment made under
sub. (1).
71.74(11)
(11) Notice of additional assessment. The department shall notify the taxpayer in writing of any additional assessment by office audit or field investigation. That notice shall be served as are circuit court summonses, or by registered mail, or by regular mail if the person assessed admits receipt or there is satisfactory evidence of receipt. In the case of joint returns, notice of additional assessment may be a joint notice and service on one spouse is proper notice to both spouses. If the spouses have different addresses at the time the notice of additional assessment is served and if either spouse notifies the department of revenue in writing of those addresses, the department shall serve a duplicate of the original notice on the spouse who has the address other than the address to which the original notice was sent, if no request for a redetermination or a petition for review has been commenced or finalized. For the spouse who did not receive the original notice, redetermination and appeal rights begin upon the service of a duplicate notice. If the taxpayer is a corporation and the department is unable to serve that taxpayer personally or by mail, the department may serve the notice by publishing a class 3 notice, under
ch. 985, in the official state newspaper.
71.74(12)
(12) Taxes delinquent after due date. Additional income or franchise taxes assessed under
subs. (1) to
(5),
(7) and
(8) shall become delinquent if not paid on or before the due date stated in the notice to the taxpayer.
71.74(13)
(13) Collection of additional tax and issuance of refunds. 71.74(13)(a)(a) If the tax is increased the department shall proceed to collect the additional tax in the same manner as other income or franchise taxes are collected. If the income or franchise taxes are decreased upon direction of the department the secretary of administration shall refund to the taxpayer such part of the overpayment as was actually paid in cash, and the certification of the overpayment by the department shall be sufficient authorization to the secretary of administration for the refunding of the overpayment. No refund of income or franchise tax shall be made by the secretary of administration unless the refund is so certified. The part of the overpayment paid to the county and the local taxation district shall be deducted by the secretary of administration in the secretary's next settlement with the county and local treasurer.
71.74(13)(b)
(b) No action or proceeding whatsoever shall be brought against the state or the secretary of administration for the recovery, refund, or credit of any income or surtaxes; except in case the secretary of administration shall neglect or refuse for a period of 60 days to refund any overpayment of any income or surtaxes certified, the taxpayer may maintain an action to collect the overpayment against the secretary of administration so neglecting or refusing to refund such overpayment, without filing a claim for refund with the secretary of administration, provided that such action shall be commenced within one year after the certification of such overpayment.
71.74(14)
(14) Additional remedy to collect tax. The department may also proceed under
s. 71.91 (5) for the collection of any additional assessment of income or franchise taxes or surtaxes, after notice thereof has been given under
sub. (11) and before the same shall have become delinquent, when it has reasonable grounds to believe that the collection of such additional assessment will be jeopardized by delay. In such cases notice of the intention to so proceed shall be given by registered mail to the taxpayer, and the warrant of the department shall not issue if the taxpayer within 10 days after such notice furnishes a bond in such amount, not exceeding double the amount of the tax, and with such sureties as the department shall approve, conditioned upon the payment of so much of the additional taxes as shall finally be determined to be due, together with interest thereon as provided by
s. 71.82 (1) (a). Nothing in this subsection shall affect the review of additional assessments provided by
ss. 71.88 (1) (a) and
(2) (a),
71.89 (2),
73.01, and
73.015, and any amounts collected under this subsection shall be deposited with the department and disbursed after final determination of the taxes as are amounts deposited under
s. 71.90 (2).
71.74(15)
(15) Payments. All nondelinquent payments of additional amounts owed shall be applied in the following order: penalties, interest, tax principal.
71.74 Annotation
The investigative power of the department under s. 71.11 (20) (b) [now 71.74 (2)] is similar to the power of the IRS under 26 USC 7602. A taxpayer subpoenaed by the department has limited discovery rights under United States v. Genser,
595 F.2d 146 (1979). State v. Beno,
99 Wis. 2d 77,
298 N.W.2d 405 (Ct. App. 1980).
71.75
71.75
Claims for refund. 71.75(1)(1) Except as provided in
ss. 49.855,
71.77 (5) and
(7) (b) and
71.935, the provisions for refunds and credits provided in this section shall be the only method for the filing and review of claims for refund of income and surtaxes, and no person may bring any action or proceeding for the recovery of such taxes other than as provided in this section.
71.75(2)
(2) With respect to income taxes and franchise taxes, except as otherwise provided in
subs. (5) and
(9) and
ss. 71.30 (4) and
71.77 (5) and
(7) (b), refunds may be made if the claim therefor is filed within 4 years of the unextended date under this section on which the tax return was due.
71.75(3)
(3) No refund shall be made on the over-withholding or overpayment of estimated income taxes or franchise taxes with respect to any person for any taxable year in an amount less than $1.
71.75(4)
(4) Except as provided in
subs. (5) and
(5m), no refund shall be made and no credit shall be allowed for any year that has been the subject of a field audit if the audit resulted in a refund or no change to the tax owed or in an assessment that is final under
s. 71.88 (1) (a) or
(2) (a),
71.89 (2),
73.01 or
73.015 and if the department of revenue notifies the taxpayer that unless the taxpayer appeals the result of the field audit under
subch. XIV, the field audit is final. No refund shall be made and no credit shall be allowed on any item of income or deduction, assessed as a result of an office audit, the assessment of which is final under
s. 71.88 (1) (a) or
(2) (a),
71.89 (2),
73.01 or
73.015.
71.75(5)
(5) A claim for refund may be made within 4 years after the assessment of a tax or an assessment to recover all or part of any tax credit, including penalties and interest, under this chapter, assessed by office audit or field audit and paid if the assessment was not protested by the filing of a petition for redetermination. No claim may be allowed under this subsection for any tax, interest or penalty paid with respect to any item of income, credit or deduction self-assessed or determined by the taxpayer or assessed as the result of any assessment made by the department with respect to which all the conditions specified in this subsection are not met. If a claim is filed under this subsection, the department of revenue may make an additional assessment in respect to any item of income or deduction that was a subject of the prior assessment. No claim for refund may be made in respect to items that were not adjusted in the notice of assessment or of refund. A person whose returns for more than one year have been adjusted may make a claim under this subsection whether or not the net result of the adjustments for those years is an assessment. This subsection does not extend the time to file under
s. 71.53 (2) or
71.59 (2), and it does not extend the time period during which the department of revenue may assess, or the taxpayer may claim a refund, in respect to any item of income or deduction that was not a subject of the prior assessment.
71.75(5m)
(5m) In respect to overpayments attributable to a capital loss carry-back, a corporation may claim a refund within 4 years after the due date, including extensions, for filing the return for the taxable year of the capital loss that is carried back.
71.75(6)
(6) Every claim for refund or credit of income taxes, franchise taxes or surtaxes, if any, shall be filed with the department and signed by the person or, in the case of joint returns, by both persons who filed the return on which the claim is based and shall set forth specifically and explain in detail the reasons for and the basis of the claim. After the claim has been filed it shall be considered and acted upon in the same manner as are additional assessments made under
s. 71.74 (1) and
(2). No marital property agreement or unilateral statement under
ch. 766 affects claims for refund or credit under this section.
71.75(7)
(7) The department shall act on any claim for refund or credit within one year after receipt and failure to act shall have the effect of allowing the claim and the department shall certify the refund or credit unless the taxpayer has consented in writing to an extension of the one-year time period prior to its expiration.
71.75(8)
(8) A refund payable on the basis of a separate return shall be issued to the person who filed the return. A refund payable on the basis of a joint return shall be issued jointly to the persons who filed the return, except that, if a judgment of divorce under
ch. 767 apportions any refund that may be due the formerly married persons to one of the former spouses, or between the spouses, and if they include with their income tax return a copy of that portion of the judgment of divorce that relates to the apportionment of their tax refund, the department shall issue the refund to the person to whom the refund is awarded under the terms of the judgment of divorce or the department shall issue one check to each of the former spouses according to the apportionment terms of the judgment.
71.75(10)
(10) If an income tax refund or tax credit check is payable to a person who dies, the department shall pay the refund or credit check to the decedent's personal representative. If there is no personal representative, the department shall pay the refund or credit check either to a surviving relative, giving preference to relatives in the following order: surviving spouse, child, parent, brother or sister, or to a creditor of the decedent, as determined by the department.
71.75 Cross-reference
Cross-reference: See also s.
Tax 2.085, Wis. adm. code.
71.75 Cross-reference
Cross-reference: See also s.
Tax 2.12, Wis. adm. code.
71.75 Annotation
A party challenging the administration of taxing statutes must exhaust state administrative remedies before commencing an action in state courts under 42 USC 1983. Hogan v. Musolf,
163 Wis. 2d 1,
471 N.W.2d 216 (1991).
71.76
71.76
Internal revenue service and other state adjustments. If for any year the amount of federal net income tax payable, of a credit claimed or carried forward, of a net operating loss carried forward or of a capital loss carried forward of any taxpayer as reported to the internal revenue service is changed or corrected by the internal revenue service or other officer of the United States, such taxpayer shall report such changes or corrections to the department within 90 days after its final determination and shall concede the accuracy of such determination or state how the determination is erroneous. Such changes or corrections need not be reported unless they affect the amount of net tax payable under this chapter, of a credit calculated under this chapter, of a Wisconsin net operating loss carried forward, of a Wisconsin net business loss carried forward or of a capital loss carried forward under this chapter. Any taxpayer submitting an amended return to the internal revenue service, or to another state if there has been allowed a credit against Wisconsin taxes for taxes paid to that state, shall also file, within 90 days of such filing date, an amended return if any information contained on the amended return affects the amount of net tax payable under this chapter of a credit calculated under this chapter, of a Wisconsin net operating loss carried forward, of a Wisconsin net business loss carried forward or of a capital loss carried forward under this chapter.
71.76 Cross-reference
Cross-reference: See also s.
Tax 2.105, Wis. adm. code.
71.77
71.77
Statutes of limitations, assessments and refunds; when permitted. 71.77(1)
(1) Additional assessments and corrections of assessments by office audit or field investigation may be made of income of any taxpayer if notice under
s. 71.74 (11) is given within the time specified in this section.
71.77(2)
(2) With respect to assessments of a tax or an assessment to recover all or part of any tax credit under this chapter in any calendar year or corresponding fiscal year, notice shall be given within 4 years of the date the income tax or franchise tax return was filed.
71.77(2m)
(2m) Notwithstanding
sub. (2), the department of revenue may assess a deficiency related to a contribution to the capital of the taxpayer, as defined in section
118 (c) of the Internal Revenue Code, within 4 years after the department receives notice by the taxpayer, in the manner that the department prescribes, of any of the following:
71.77(2m)(a)
(a) The amount of the expenditure under section
118 (c) (2) (A) of the Internal Revenue Code.
71.77(2m)(b)
(b) The intent of the person against whom the deficiency is to be assessed not to make the expenditure under section
118 (c) (2) (A) of the Internal Revenue Code.
71.77(2m)(c)
(c) Expiration of the time period under section
118 (c) (2) (B) of the Internal Revenue Code and failure of the person against whom the deficiency is to be assessed to make the expenditure under section
118 (c) (2) (B) of the Internal Revenue Code.
71.77(3)
(3) Irrespective of
sub. (2), if any person has filed an incorrect income tax or franchise tax return for any year with intent to defeat or evade the income tax or franchise tax assessment provided by law, or has failed to file any income tax or franchise tax return for any of such years, income of any such year may be assessed when discovered. The department of revenue shall assess the taxes owed for taxable years beginning before January 1, 1990, by using the definition of "Internal Revenue Code" that applied to the year for which the assessment was made, as modified by
P.L. 104-188 and
P.L. 105-34 if
P.L. 104-188 or
P.L. 105-34 applied for federal purposes for that year.
71.77(4)
(4) Irrespective of
sub. (3), if additional assessments are made for any period more than 6 years before the year in which the assessment is made, the burden of proof shall rest with the state to prove its case by a preponderance of the evidence.
